--- title: South Korea — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 7 description: Wikipedia's «South Korea», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / South Korea # South Korea · page 7 From Wikipedia, [«South Korea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/6/) **7** Modern Korean architecture entered a new phase of development during the post-Korean War reconstruction, incorporating modern architectural trends and styles.[504](../../504/ "tree and pragmatics") Stimulated by the economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s, active redevelopment saw new horizons in architectural design.[505](../../505/ "tree and pragmatics") In the aftermath of the 1988 Seoul Olympics, South Korea has witnessed a wide variety of styles in its architectural landscape, with the opening of the market to foreign architects.[\[345\]](../../page/7/#ref-345 "note 345")[506](../../506/ "tree and pragmatics") Contemporary architectural efforts have attempted to balance the traditional philosophy of "harmony with nature" and the fast-paced urbanization that the country has been going through in recent years.[\[346\]](../../page/7/#ref-346 "note 346")[507](../../507/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Entertainment Main article: [Cinema of South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea), [Korean drama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_drama), [Korean Wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Wave), [K-pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop), [Mass media in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_South_Korea) In addition to domestic consumption, South Korea has a thriving entertainment industry, in which television dramas, films, and popular music have garnered international popularity and generated significant export revenues for the nation's economy.[508](../../508/ "tree and pragmatics") The cultural phenomenon known as [Hallyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Wave), or the "Korean Wave", has swept many countries across Continental and East Asia, making South Korea a major soft power as an exporter of popular culture and entertainment, rivaling Western nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom.[\[347\]](../../page/7/#ref-347 "note 347")[\[348\]](../../page/7/#ref-348 "note 348")[\[349\]](../../page/7/#ref-349 "note 349")[\[350\]](../../page/7/#ref-350 "note 350")[\[351\]](../../page/7/#ref-351 "note 351")[509](../../509/ "tree and pragmatics") Until the 1990s, [trot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trot_%28music%29) and traditional [folk-based](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea) ballads dominated the South Korean popular music scene.[510](../../510/ "tree and pragmatics") The emergence of the pop group [Seo Taiji and Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seo_Taiji_and_Boys) in 1992 marked a turning point for South Korean popular music, also known as [K-pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop).[511](../../511/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the 1990s, the genre of K-pop has continuously engaged in a process of ongoing reinvention and modernization by assimilating various elements of popular musical genres and trends from across the world such as [Western popular music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music), [experimental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_music), [jazz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz), [gospel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music), [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_music_%28genre%29), [hip-hop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip-hop), [rhythm and blues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_R&B), [electronic dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_dance), [reggae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae), [country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music), [folk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music), and [rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music) on top of its uniquely [traditional Korean music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Korean_music) roots.[\[352\]](../../page/7/#ref-352 "note 352")[512](../../512/ "tree and pragmatics") Although Western-style pop, hip-hop, rhythm and blues, rock, folk, and electronic dance-oriented acts have become dominant in the contemporary South Korean popular music scene, trot continues to be appreciated and enjoyed by older South Koreans.[513](../../513/ "tree and pragmatics") [K-pop idols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_idol) are well known across Continental Asia, have found fame in the Western World, and have generated millions of dollars in export revenue beyond the confines of the traditional [East Asian music market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_industry_of_East_Asia#Ranking).[514](../../514/ "tree and pragmatics") Many K-pop acts have also established themselves by securing a strong global following using online social media platforms such as [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube).[515](../../515/ "tree and pragmatics") K-pop first began to make its mark outside of Continental and East Asia following the unexpected success of singer [Psy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psy)'s international music sensation, "[Gangnam Style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam_Style)", which topped global music charts in 2012.[516](../../516/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the success of the film [Shiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiri_%28film%29) in 1999, the [Korean film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea) industry has grown substantially, garnering recognition both nationwide and across the globe.[517](../../517/ "tree and pragmatics") Domestic films have a dominant share of the South Korean film market, partly because of the existence of government [screen quotas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_quotas) requiring cinemas to show Korean films for at least 73 days of the year.[\[353\]](../../page/7/#ref-353 "note 353")[518](../../518/ "tree and pragmatics") 2019's [Parasite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite_%282019_film%29), directed by [Bong Joon-ho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho), became the [highest-grossing film in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_South_Korea) as well as the first non-English language film to win Best Picture at the United States-based [Academy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awards) [that year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/92nd_Academy_Awards) amongst [numerous other accolades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Parasite).[519](../../519/ "tree and pragmatics") [South Korean television shows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_South_Korea) have become popular outside of Korea.[520](../../520/ "tree and pragmatics") Television dramas, known as [K-dramas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_drama), have begun to find fame internationally.[521](../../521/ "tree and pragmatics") Many dramas tend to have a romantic focus.[522](../../522/ "tree and pragmatics") Historical dramas are also famous.[\[354\]](../../page/7/#ref-354 "note 354")[\[355\]](../../page/7/#ref-355 "note 355")[523](../../523/ "tree and pragmatics") The 2021 survival drama [Squid Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_Game), created by [Hwang Dong-hyuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Dong-hyuk), received critical acclaim and widespread international attention upon its release, becoming [Netflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix)'s most-watched series at launch and garnering a viewership of more than 142 million households during its first four weeks from launch.[\[356\]](../../page/7/#ref-356 "note 356")[\[357\]](../../page/7/#ref-357 "note 357")[\[358\]](../../page/7/#ref-358 "note 358")[\[359\]](../../page/7/#ref-359 "note 359")[524](../../524/ "tree and pragmatics") Unlike many other countries, South Korea's cultural exports, including K-pop and television dramas, are integrated into a formal state development strategy.[525](../../525/ "tree and pragmatics") The South Korean government allocates substantial annual funding exceeding several billion dollars to foster K-content as a tool for national branding and soft power.[526](../../526/ "tree and pragmatics") This systematic investment aims to project a modernized image of the country and stimulate economic growth through increased tourism and cultural exports. [\[360\]](../../page/7/#ref-360 "note 360")[\[361\]](../../page/7/#ref-361 "note 361")[527](../../527/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Holidays Main article: [Public holidays in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Korea) The [Korean New Year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_New_Year), or "Seollal", is celebrated on the first day of the [Korean calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_calendar).[528](../../528/ "tree and pragmatics") Korean Independence Day falls on March 1 and commemorates the [March First Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_First_Movement) of 1919.[529](../../529/ "tree and pragmatics") [Memorial Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Day_%28South_Korea%29) is celebrated on June 6, and its purpose is to honor the men and women who died in South Korea's independence movement.[530](../../530/ "tree and pragmatics") [Constitution Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Day_%28South_Korea%29) is on July 17, and it celebrates the promulgation of [Constitution of the Republic of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea).[531](../../531/ "tree and pragmatics") [Liberation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea), on August 15, celebrates Korea's liberation from the [Empire of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan) in 1945.[532](../../532/ "tree and pragmatics") Every 15th day of the 8th lunar month, Koreans celebrate the [Midautumn Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok), in which Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns and eat a variety of traditional Korean foods.[533](../../533/ "tree and pragmatics") On October 1, Armed Forces Day is celebrated, honoring the military forces of South Korea.[534](../../534/ "tree and pragmatics") October 3 is [National Foundation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaecheonjeol).[535](../../535/ "tree and pragmatics") [Hangul Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul_Day) on October 9 commemorates the invention of [hangul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul), the native alphabet of the [Korean language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language).[536](../../536/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Cuisine Main article: [Korean cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine), [South Korean cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine) Korean cuisine, hanguk yori, or hansik, has evolved through centuries of social and political change.[537](../../537/ "tree and pragmatics") Ingredients and dishes vary by province.[538](../../538/ "tree and pragmatics") There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day.[539](../../539/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Korean royal court cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine) once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family.[540](../../540/ "tree and pragmatics") Meals consumed both by the royal family and ordinary citizens have been regulated by a unique culture of etiquette.[541](../../541/ "tree and pragmatics") Korean cuisine is largely based on [rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice), [noodles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noodle), [tofu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu), vegetables, fish and meats.[542](../../542/ "tree and pragmatics") Traditional meals are noted for the number of side dishes, [banchan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banchan), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.[543](../../543/ "tree and pragmatics") Every meal is accompanied by numerous banchan.[544](../../544/ "tree and pragmatics") [Kimchi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi), a fermented, usually spicy vegetable dish, is commonly served at every meal and is one of the best-known dishes.[545](../../545/ "tree and pragmatics") Korean cuisine usually involves heavy seasoning with [sesame oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_oil), [doenjang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenjang) (a type of [fermented soybean paste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_bean_paste)), [soy sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce), salt, garlic, ginger, and [gochujang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gochujang) (a hot pepper paste).[546](../../546/ "tree and pragmatics") Other well-known dishes are [bulgogi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi), grilled marinated beef; [gimbap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimbap); and [tteokbokki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tteokbokki), a spicy snack consisting of rice cake seasoned with gochujang or a spicy chili paste.[547](../../547/ "tree and pragmatics") Soups are also a common part of a meal and are served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal.[548](../../548/ "tree and pragmatics") Soups known as [guk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guk) are often made with meats, shellfish and vegetables.[549](../../549/ "tree and pragmatics") Similar to guk, tang has less water and is more often served in restaurants.[550](../../550/ "tree and pragmatics") Another type is [jjigae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jjigae), a [stew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew) that is typically heavily seasoned with chili pepper and served boiling hot.[551](../../551/ "tree and pragmatics") Popular [Korean alcoholic drinks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_alcoholic_drinks) include [Soju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soju), [Makgeolli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli) and [Bokbunja ju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokbunja_ju).[552](../../552/ "tree and pragmatics") Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal [chopsticks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopsticks).[553](../../553/ "tree and pragmatics") Metal chopsticks have been discovered in Goguryeo archaeological sites.[\[362\]](../../page/7/#ref-362 "note 362")[554](../../554/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Sports Main article: [Sport in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_South_Korea) The [martial art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts) [taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo) originated in Korea.[555](../../555/ "tree and pragmatics") In the 1950s and 1960s, modern rules were standardized, with taekwondo becoming an official [Olympic sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games) in 2000.[\[363\]](../../page/7/#ref-363 "note 363")[556](../../556/ "tree and pragmatics") Other Korean martial arts include [Taekkyon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon), [hapkido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido), [Tang Soo Do](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Soo_Do), [Kuk Sool Won](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk_Sool_Won), [kumdo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumdo) and [subak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak).[\[364\]](../../page/7/#ref-364 "note 364")[557](../../557/ "tree and pragmatics") [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) has traditionally been regarded as the most popular sport in Korea, with [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball) as the second.[\[365\]](../../page/7/#ref-365 "note 365")[558](../../558/ "tree and pragmatics") Recent polling indicates that a majority, 41% of South Korean sports fans continue to self-identify as football fans, with baseball ranked 2nd at 25% of respondents.[559](../../559/ "tree and pragmatics") However, the polling did not indicate the extent to which respondents follow both sports.[\[366\]](../../page/7/#ref-366 "note 366")[560](../../560/ "tree and pragmatics") The [national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_national_football_team) became the first team in the [Asian Football Confederation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation) to reach the [FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup) semi-finals in the [2002 FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup), jointly hosted by South Korea and Japan.[561](../../561/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Korea Republic national team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Republic_national_football_team) (as it is known) has qualified for every World Cup since [Mexico 1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup), and has broken out of the group stage in 2002, in [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup), when it was defeated by eventual semi-finalist [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_national_football_team) in the Round of 16, and in [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup).[562](../../562/ "tree and pragmatics") At the [2012 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics), South Korea won the bronze medal for football.[563](../../563/ "tree and pragmatics") Baseball was first introduced to Korea in 1905.[\[367\]](../../page/7/#ref-367 "note 367")[\[368\]](../../page/7/#ref-368 "note 368")[\[369\]](../../page/7/#ref-369 "note 369")[564](../../564/ "tree and pragmatics") Recent years have been characterized by increasing attendance and ticket prices for professional baseball games.[\[370\]](../../page/7/#ref-370 "note 370")[\[371\]](../../page/7/#ref-371 "note 371")[565](../../565/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Korea Professional Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Professional_Baseball) league, a 10-team circuit, was established in 1982.[566](../../566/ "tree and pragmatics") The [South Korea national team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_national_baseball_team) finished third in the [2006 World Baseball Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_World_Baseball_Classic) and second in the [2009 tournament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic).[567](../../567/ "tree and pragmatics") The team's 2009 final game against Japan was widely watched in Korea, with a large screen at [Gwanghwamun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwanghwamun) crossing in Seoul broadcasting the game live.[\[372\]](../../page/7/#ref-372 "note 372")[568](../../568/ "tree and pragmatics") In the [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics), South Korea won the gold medal in baseball.[\[373\]](../../page/7/#ref-373 "note 373")[569](../../569/ "tree and pragmatics") Also in 1982, at the Baseball World Cup, Korea won the gold medal.[570](../../570/ "tree and pragmatics") At the [2010 Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Asian_Games), the Korean National Baseball team won the gold medal.[571](../../571/ "tree and pragmatics") Several Korean players have gone on to play in [Major League Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball).[572](../../572/ "tree and pragmatics") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) is a popular sport in the country as well.[573](../../573/ "tree and pragmatics") South Korea has traditionally had one of the top basketball teams in Asia and one of the continent's strongest basketball divisions.[574](../../574/ "tree and pragmatics") Seoul hosted the [1967](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_ABC_Championship) and [1995 Asian Basketball Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_ABC_Championship).[575](../../575/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Korea national basketball team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_national_basketball_team) has won a record number of 23 medals at the event to date.[\[374\]](../../page/7/#ref-374 "note 374")[576](../../576/ "tree and pragmatics") South Korea hosted the [Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games) in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan), and 2014 (Incheon).[577](../../577/ "tree and pragmatics") It also hosted the Winter [Universiade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiade) in 1997, the [Asian Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games) in 1999, and the Summer Universiade in 2003 and 2015.[578](../../578/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1988, South Korea hosted the [Summer Olympics in Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics), coming fourth with 12 gold medals, 10 silver medals, and 11 bronze medals.[579](../../579/ "tree and pragmatics") South Korea regularly performs well in [archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery), [shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_sports), [table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis), [badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton), [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating), [handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball), [field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey), [freestyle wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling), [Greco-Roman wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling), [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball), [judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo), [taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo), [speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating), [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating), and [weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting).[580](../../580/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Seoul Olympic Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Olympic_Museum) is dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics.[581](../../581/ "tree and pragmatics") [Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang_County) hosted the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics).[582](../../582/ "tree and pragmatics") South Korea has won more medals in the [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympics) than any other Asian country, with a total of 45 (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze).[583](../../583/ "tree and pragmatics") At the [2010 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics), South Korea ranked fifth in the overall medal rankings.[584](../../584/ "tree and pragmatics") South Korea is especially strong in [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating).[585](../../585/ "tree and pragmatics") [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating) and [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating) are also popular, and [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey) is an emerging sport, with [Anyang Halla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyang_Halla) winning their first ever [Asia League Ice Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_League_Ice_Hockey) title in March 2010.[\[375\]](../../page/7/#ref-375 "note 375")[586](../../586/ "tree and pragmatics") Seoul hosted a professional [triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon) race, which is part of the [International Triathlon Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Triathlon_Union) (ITU) World Championship Series in 2010.[\[376\]](../../page/7/#ref-376 "note 376")[587](../../587/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2011, the South Korean city of Daegu hosted the [2011 IAAF World Championships in Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics).[\[377\]](../../page/7/#ref-377 "note 377")[588](../../588/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2010, South Korea hosted its first [Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One) race at the [Korea International Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_International_Circuit) in [Yeongam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongam).[\[378\]](../../page/7/#ref-378 "note 378")[589](../../589/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Korean Grand Prix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Grand_Prix) was held from 2010 to 2013.[\[379\]](../../page/7/#ref-379 "note 379")[590](../../590/ "tree and pragmatics") Domestic [horse racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_racing) events are followed by South Koreans and [Seoul Race Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LetsRun_Park_Seoul) in [Gwacheon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwacheon), [Gyeonggi Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province) is located closest to Seoul out of the country's three tracks.[\[380\]](../../page/7/#ref-380 "note 380")[591](../../591/ "tree and pragmatics") Competitive [video gaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game), better known as [esports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esports), has become more popular in South Korea in recent years, particularly among young people.[\[381\]](../../page/7/#ref-381 "note 381")[592](../../592/ "tree and pragmatics") The two most popular games are [League of Legends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Legends) and [StarCraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarCraft).[593](../../593/ "tree and pragmatics") The gaming scene is managed by the [Korean e-Sports Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_e-Sports_Association).[594](../../594/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Outline of South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_South_Korea) [State Council of South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Council_of_South_Korea) ("cabinet" of South Korea) ## Further reading Amsden, Alice (1992). "Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization". Oxford University Press. Breen, Michael (2004). "The Koreans: Who They Are, What They Want, Where Their Future Lies". St. Martin's Griffin. Hart, Dennis (2003). "[From Tradition to Consumption: Constructing a Capitalist Culture in South Korea](https://archive.org/details/fromtraditiontoc00hart)". Author. Cumings, Bruce (1997). "[Korea's place in the sun](https://archive.org/details/koreasplaceinsun00bruc)". W.W. Norton. Lew, Yong Ick. *The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence* (University of Hawai'i Press; 2013); scholarly biography; 576 pages; Nahm, Andrew C. (1996). "Korea: A history of the Korean people (2nd ed.)". Hollym. Schneidewind, Dieter K. (2016). "Economic Miracle Market South Korea: A Blueprint for Economic Growth in Developing Nations". Springer. Yang Sung-chul (1999). "The North and South Korean political systems: A comparative analysis (rev. ed.)". Hollym. Yonhap News Agency (2004). "Korea Annual 2004". Yuan, Robert T. (1988). "[Biotechnology in Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan](https://www.amazon.com/Biotechnology-South-Korea-Singapore-Taiwan/dp/B009Y3DOVQ)". Macmillan Publishers ltd. ## External links (Korea.net) [Korea Tourism Guide website](http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/index.kto) [Korea National Statistical Office](http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/index.action) [South Korea](https://web.archive.org/web/20260117192946/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-south/). *[The World Factbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook)*. [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency). [A Country Study: South Korea](http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html) in the [Library of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress) [Korea](https://www.oecd.org/korea/) on the [OECD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development) website [South Korea profile](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563) from [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) [South Korea](http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322280/South-Korea) *Encyclopædia Britannica* entry [Key Development Forecasts for South Korea](http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=KR) from [International Futures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Futures) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Korea/page/6/) **7** ## References {#references} 1\. A new administrative capital, [Sejong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejong_City), has been under construction since 2007. Numerous ministries and agencies had relocated to Sejong. However, based on [Constitutional Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea) decision in 2004, complete capital relocation from Seoul requires a constitutional referendum. As of 2026, Seoul remains the seat of the [Blue House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_House), [National Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_%28South_Korea%29), [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea), and Constitutional Court. 2\. "[ko:\[시행 2016.8.4.\] \[법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정\]](http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/%2813978,20160203%29)" \[Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on 3 February 2016\]. 2016. 3\. "[ko:출입국통계](https://www.moj.go.kr/moj/2412/subview.do)". *[Ministry of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_%28South_Korea%29)*. 4\. (no text) 5\. "[South Korea](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-south/#geography)". Central Intelligence Agency. February 27, 2023. 6\. "[South Korea country profile](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563)". *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News)*. October 17, 2023. 7\. "[Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data](https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm)". [OECD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD). 8\. "[World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition)](https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO%289.0.0%29)". *www.imf.org*. [International Monetary Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund). April 14, 2026. 9\. "[Human Development Report 2025](https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf)". [United Nations Development Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme). May 6, 2025. 10\. South Koreans use the name when referring to South Korea or Korea as a whole. The literal translation of South Korea, , is rarely used. [Until a change in policy in 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_hostile_states_theory), the official line in North Korea was to use the name when referring to South Korea, derived from the North Korean name for Korea, . The North Korean state now uses Hanguk when referring to South Korea. 11\. "[Three Kingdoms period \| Korea, History, Silla, Goguryeo, & Baekje \| Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Kingdoms-period)". *www.britannica.com*. 12\. Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). "[The History of the World](https://books.google.com/books?id=A2cfZkU5aQgC&q=koguryo+powerful+empire)". Oxford University Press. 13\. Gardner, Hall (November 27, 2007). "[Averting Global War: Regional Challenges, Overextension, and Options for American Strategy](https://books.google.com/books?id=acvGAAAAQBAJ&q=great+powers)". Palgrave Macmillan. 14\. Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). "[History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century](https://books.google.com/books?id=PvlthkbFU1UC&pg=PA1133)". UNESCO. 15\. Rossabi, Morris (May 20, 1983). "[China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries](https://books.google.com/books?id=sNpD5UKmkswC&q=%22As+the+self-proclaimed+successor+to+Koguryo+and+the+protector+of+Parhae+refugees%2C+many+of+them+of+Koguryo+origin%2C+Koryo+considered+the+northern+territories+in+Manchuria+its+rightful+legacy.%22)". University of California Press. 16\. Yi, Ki-baek (1984). "[A New History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=g2mdVwXpMzwC&pg=PA103)". Harvard University Press. 17\. Yunn, Seung-Yong (1996). "Religious culture of Korea". Hollym International. 18\. Dourado, Fernão. "[Atlas de Fernão Vaz Dourado](https://digitarq.arquivos.pt/details?id=4162624)". *Arquivo nacional da Torre do Tombo*. 19\. "[1369MAPAS E ICONOGRAFIA DOS SÉCS. XVI E XVII](https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/4951/fmpnro4de4.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y)". 20\. pato, Raymundo. "[Cartas de Afonso de Albuquerque, vol. 1](https://pt.scribd.com/doc/123188359/Cartas-de-Afonso-de-Albuquerque-vol-1)". 21\. "[zh:Korea原名Corea? 美國改的名](http://city.udn.com/54543/2933925)". *[United Daily News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Daily_News)*. July 5, 2008. 22\. Barbara Demick (September 15, 2003). "[A 'C' Change in Spelling Sought for the Koreas](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-sep-15-fg-corea15-story.html)". *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times)*. 23\. 이기환 (August 30, 2017). "[ko:\[이기환의 흔적의 역사\]국호논쟁의 전말…대한민국이냐 고려공화국이냐](http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201708300913001&code=960100&www)". [Kyunghyang Shinmun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyunghyang_Shinmun). 24\. 이덕일. "[ko:\[이덕일 사랑\] 대~한민국](http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/08/14/2008081401512.html)". [The Chosun Ilbo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo). 25\. Myers, Brian Reynolds (December 28, 2016). "[Still the Unloved Republic](http://sthelepress.com/index.php/2016/12/28/still-the-unloved-republic/)". *Sthele Press*. 26\. Myers, Brian Reynolds (May 20, 2018). "[North Korea's state-loyalty advantage.](https://www.thefreelibrary.com/North+Korea%27s+state-loyalty+advantage.-a0274114570)". *Free Online Library*. 27\. "[Ancient civilizations](http://www.rom.on.ca/news/releases/public.php?mediakey=sg1yebpnv8)". Royal Ontario Museum. December 12, 2005. 28\. "[Prehistoric Korea](http://www.opm.go.kr/warp/webapp/content/view?meta_id=english&id=35)". *About Korea*., Office of the Prime Minister. 29\. "[Korea's History](http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/history.htm)". Asian Shravan. 30\. Seth, Michael J. (2010). "[A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present](https://books.google.com/books?id=WJtMGXyGlUEC&pg=PA443)". Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.; "An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."; Stark, Miriam T. (2008). "[Archaeology of Asia](https://books.google.com/books?id=z4_bT2SJ-HUC&pg=PA49)". John Wiley & Sons.; "Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."; Schmid, Andre (2013). "[Korea Between Empires](https://books.google.com/books?id=lVgaAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269)". Columbia University Press.; "Most \[Korean historians\] treat the \[Tangun\] myth as a later creation."; Peterson, Mark (2009). "[Brief History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=ByIo1D9RY40C&pg=PA5)". Infobase Publishing.; "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."; Hulbert, H. B. (2014). "[The History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=WdusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73)". Routledge.; "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija." 31\. Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2009). "A Brief History of Korea". Infobase Publishing. 32\. Hwang, Kyung-moon (2010). "A History of Korea, An Episodic Narrative". Palgrave Macmillan. 33\. Eckert, Carter J.; el. (1990). "[Korea, Old and New: A History](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780962771309/page/14)". Korea Institute, Harvard University. 34\. [Early Korea](http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Korea.html) . Shsu.edu. Retrieved April 17, 2015. 35\. "[ko:낙랑군](https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46620&docId=532555&categoryId=46620)". *terms.naver.com*. 36\. 이, 문영 (July 15, 2011). "[ko:이야기보따리 삼국시대: 역사친구 004](https://books.google.com/books?id=tR0FAQAAQBAJ&q=%EB%82%99%EB%9E%91%EA%B5%B0+%EC%B1%85&pg=PA52)". Sowadang. 37\. Janhunen, Juha (2010). "RReconstructing the Language Map of Prehistorical Northeast Asia". *Studia Orientalia*. 38\. Vovin, Alexander (2017). "Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics". Oxford University Press. 39\. Yi, Ki-baek (1984). "[A New History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=g2mdVwXpMzwC&pg=PA23)". Harvard University Press. 40\. Yi, Hyŏn-hŭi; Pak, Sŏng-su; Yun, Nae-hyŏn (2005). "[New history of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=KO8MAQAAMAAJ)". Jimoondang. 41\. Hall, John Whitney (1988). "[The Cambridge History of Japan](https://books.google.com/books?id=A3_6lp8IOK8C&q=%22The+reign+of+King+Kwanggaet%27o+is+thought+of+as+Koguryo%27s+golden+age+of+political+might+and+Buddhist+splendor.%22)". Cambridge University Press. 42\. Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1988). "[Encyclopedia of Asian history](https://books.google.com/books?id=LtwpAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Nevertheless%2C+the+reigns+of+Kwanggaet%27o+and+his+successor+Changsu+%28413-491%29+constituted+the+golden+age+of+Koguryo.%22)". Scribner. 43\. Cohen, Warren I. (December 20, 2000). "[East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World](https://books.google.com/books?id=Okjd2rDwb8IC&q=%22Koguryo%27s+Golden+Age%22)". Columbia University Press. 44\. Kim, Jinwung (November 5, 2012). "[A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict](https://books.google.com/books?id=QFPsi3IK8gcC&pg=PA35)". Indiana University Press. 45\. "[Kings and Queens of Korea](http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/archive/program/program_dynasty.htm?no=10039827)". KBS World Radio. 46\. White, Matthew (November 7, 2011). "[Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History](https://books.google.com/books?id=0-fQHlaIpR4C&pg=PA78)". W. W. Norton & Company.; Grant, Reg G. (2011). "[1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History](https://books.google.com/books?id=s4njwZGrZg4C&pg=PA104)". Universe Pub..; Bedeski, Robert (March 12, 2007). "[Human Security and the Chinese State: Historical Transformations and the Modern Quest for Sovereignty](https://books.google.com/books?id=iNl9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA90)". Routledge.; Yi, Ki-baek (1984). "[A New History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=g2mdVwXpMzwC&pg=PA47)". Harvard University Press.; Nahm, Andrew C. (2005). "[A Panorama of 5000 Years: Korean History](https://archive.org/details/panoramaof5000ye0000nahm/page/18)". Hollym International Corporation. 47\. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006). "[East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History](https://books.google.com/books?id=0entAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Paekche+was+probably+the+most+important+maritime+nation+in+the+late+fourth+century%22)". Houghton Mifflin. 48\. Kitagawa, Joseph (September 5, 2013). "[The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture](https://books.google.com/books?id=9fyzAAAAQBAJ&q=%22the+Phoenicia+of+medieval+East+Asia%22)". Routledge. 49\. Kitagawa, Joseph (September 5, 2013). "[The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture](https://books.google.com/books?id=9fyzAAAAQBAJ&q=%22Of+vital+importance+for+the+dissemination+of+Buddhism+throughout+East+Asia%2C+however%2C+was+Paekche%27s+nautical+skill%2C+which+made+the+kingdom+the+Phoenicia+of+medieval+East+Asia.%22)". Routledge. 50\. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2013). "[East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800](https://books.google.com/books?id=CWE8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104)". Cengage Learning. 51\. "[A Brief History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=o-WlUd3cjh0C&pg=PT29)". Ewha Womans University Press. January 1, 2005. 52\. "[King Gwanggaeto the Great (1)](http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_dynasty_detail.htm?lang=e¤t_page=3&No=10039827)". *Kings and Queens of Korea (KBS World Radio)*. Korea Communications Commission. 53\. Kim, Jinwung (2012). "[A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict](https://books.google.com/books?id=s2EVi-MpnUsC&pg=PA44)". Indiana University Press. 54\. Wells, Kenneth M. (July 3, 2015). "[Korea: Outline of a Civilisation](https://books.google.com/books?id=6zoLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18)". Brill. 55\. Lee, Injae; Miller, Owen; Park, Jinhoon; Yi, Hyun-Hae (December 15, 2014). "[Korean History in Maps](https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64)". Cambridge University Press. 56\. Michael J. Seth (21 January 2016). "[A Concise History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present](https://books.google.com/books?id=YB1BCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72)". Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 57\. MacGregor, Neil (October 6, 2011). "[A History of the World in 100 Objects](https://books.google.com/books?id=r3mUtaSxCncC&pg=PT408)". Penguin UK. 58\. Chŏng, Yang-mo; Smith, Judith G. (1998). "[Arts of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=DnaiYKYmQegC&pg=PA230)". Metropolitan Museum of Art. 59\. International, Rotary (April 1989). "[The Rotarian](https://books.google.com/books?id=HjIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28)". Rotary International. 60\. Ross, Alan (January 17, 2013). "[After Pusan](https://books.google.com/books?id=bur02Vwn9jgC&pg=PT20)". Faber & Faber. 61\. Mason, David A.. "[Gyeongju, Korea's treasure house](http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=109953)". [Korean Culture and Information Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Culture_and_Information_Service). 62\. Adams, Edward Ben (1990). "[Koreaʾs pottery heritage](https://books.google.com/books?id=riLrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kyongju+City+became+one+of+the+most+influential+centers+of+Asia+and+fourth+largest+city+in+the+ancient+world+during+this+period%22)". Seoul International Pub. House. 63\. DuBois, Jill (2004). "[Korea](https://archive.org/details/koreadubo00dubo)". Marshall Cavendish. 64\. Randel, Don Michael (2003). "[The Harvard Dictionary of Music](https://books.google.com/books?id=02rFSecPhEsC&q=%22golden+age+of+artistic+and+cultural+achievement%22)". Harvard University Press. 65\. Hopfner, Jonathan (September 10, 2013). "[Moon Living Abroad in South Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=MhwXBQAAQBAJ&q=%22cultural+and+political+golden+age%22)". Avalon Travel. 66\. Kim, Djun Kil (January 30, 2005). "[The History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=ci_iGuAAqmsC&pg=PA47)". ABC-CLIO. 67\. Gernet, Jacques (May 31, 1996). "[A History of Chinese Civilization](https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern)". Cambridge University Press. 68\. Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather (May 1, 1955). "[Ennins Travels in Tang China](https://books.google.com/books?id=HXqEAAAACAAJ)". John Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited. 69\. Kim, Djun Kil (May 30, 2014). "[The History of Korea, 2nd Edition](https://books.google.com/books?id=IgxvBAAAQBAJ&q=%22Greater+Silla+dominated+the+Yellow+Sea%2C+the+East+China+Sea%2C+and+the+South+%28Korea%29+Sea+with+trade+between+Tang+China+and+Nara-Heian+Japan.%22)". ABC-CLIO. 70\. Seth, Michael J. (2006). "[A Concise History of Korea: From the Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century](https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe4PoOd89XIC&q=%22Koreans+dominated+the+commerce+of+Northeast+Asia+in+the+eighth+and+ninth+centuries%22)". Rowman & Littlefield. 71\. Park, Eugene Youngjin (February 2022). "Korea: A History". Stanford University Press. 72\. Mun, Chanju; Green, Ronald S. (2006). "[Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice](https://books.google.com/books?id=au1oD1kKv94C&q=%22Korean+Buddhist+monks+such+as+Woncheuk%2C+Wonhyo+and+Uisang+enjoyed+a+very+high+fame+among+Chinese+Buddhists%22)". Blue Pine Books. 73\. McIntire, Suzanne; Burns, William E. (June 25, 2010). "[Speeches in World History](https://books.google.com/books?id=L-6ghsWDMTAC&q=%22Korean+thinkers+made+reciprocal+contributions+to+Chinese+Buddhism%22)". Infobase Publishing. 74\. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (November 24, 2013). "[The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism](https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA187)". Princeton University Press. 75\. Poceski, Mario (April 13, 2007). "[Ordinary Mind as the Way: The Hongzhou School and the Growth of Chan Buddhism](https://books.google.com/books?id=5fwRXrVPh-cC&pg=PA24)". Oxford University Press. 76\. Wu, Jiang; Chia, Lucille (December 15, 2015). "[Spreading Buddha's Word in East Asia: The Formation and Transformation of the Chinese Buddhist Canon](https://books.google.com/books?id=IX7ICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155)". Columbia University Press. 77\. Wright, Dale S. (March 25, 2004). "[The Zen Canon: Understanding the Classic Texts](https://books.google.com/books?id=JfHQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT124)". Oxford University Press. 78\. Jeong, Su-il (July 18, 2016). "[The Silk Road Encyclopedia](https://books.google.com/books?id=UgOwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT668)". Seoul Selection.; Nikaido, Yoshihiro (October 28, 2015). "[Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction](https://books.google.com/books?id=TozUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137)". Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.; Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2003). "[China](https://books.google.com/books?id=dA_QbQiZkB4C&pg=PA519)". Rough Guides.; Leffman, David (June 2, 2014). "[The Rough Guide to China](https://books.google.com/books?id=FjqJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT509)". Penguin.; Jeong, Su-il (July 18, 2016). "[The Silk Road Encyclopedia](https://books.google.com/books?id=UgOwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT668)". Seoul Selection. 79\. Kim, Djun Kil (January 30, 2005). "[The History of Korea](https://books.google.com/books?id=ci_iGuAAqmsC&pg=PA57)". ABC-CLIO. 80\. Grayson, James H. (November 5, 2013). "[Korea – A Religious History](https://books.google.com/books?id=LU78AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA79)". Routledge. 81\. Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). "A New History of Korea". Harvard University Press. 82\. "[Korea, 1000–1400 A.D. \| Chronology \| Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History](http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/eak.html)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 83\. Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (January 1, 2014). "[The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief: A Global History](https://books.google.com/books?id=E9sbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA264)". Cengage Learning. 84\. Cohen, Warren I. (December 20, 2000). 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