---
title: The foothills and mountainous areas (including the Greater Caucasus… — South Ossetia · tree and pragmatics
description: The foothills and mountainous areas (including the Greater Caucasus Mountains) experience cool, wet summers and snowy winters, with snow cover often exceeding two metres in many regions. Who acts: snow cover, foothills. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Ossetia» with its dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# South Ossetia, sentence 192

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From Wikipedia, [«South Ossetia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The foothills and mountainous areas (including the Greater Caucasus Mountains) experience cool, wet summers and snowy winters, with snow cover often exceeding two metres in many regions.

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**Who acts:** snow cover, foothills · **What happens:** include, exceed, experience · **To what, where:** two metres, experience

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Ossetia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snow cover, foothills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Ossetia:192
# text = The foothills and mountainous areas (including the Greater Caucasus Mountains) experience cool, wet summers and snowy winters, with snow cover often exceeding two metres in many regions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foothills	foothill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod:poss	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	mountainous	mountainous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Greater	Greater	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	Caucasus	Caucasus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Mountains	Mountain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	acl	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **exceed** | gerund | snow cover *not said here* | two metres |  |  |  | in many regions; often *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot metre=Theme in region=Attribute |
| 4 | **experience** |  | the foothills and mountainous areas include the Greater Caucasus Mountains |  |  |  |  |  | nom experience «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Ossetia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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