---
title: Since independence, relations with Sudan have been changing. — South Sudan · tree and pragmatics
description: Since independence, relations with Sudan have been changing. Who acts: relations. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Sudan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Sudan, sentence 182

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From Wikipedia, [«South Sudan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since independence, relations with Sudan have been changing.

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**Who acts:** relations · **What happens:** change

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (relations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Sudan:182
# text = Since independence, relations with Sudan have been changing.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
9	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present · perfect · progressive | relations with Sudan |  |  |  | since independence |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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