---
title: Despite European missionary activity beginning as early as the mid-1… — South Sudan · tree and pragmatics
description: Despite European missionary activity beginning as early as the mid-19th century, the US Library of Congress states that "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10% of southern Sudan's population was Christian". Who acts: European missionary activity, US Library. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Su
---

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# South Sudan, sentence 370

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From Wikipedia, [«South Sudan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Despite European missionary activity beginning as early as the mid-19th century, the US Library of Congress states that "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10% of southern Sudan's population was Christian".

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**Who acts:** European missionary activity, US Library · **What happens:** begin, state, not be · **To what, where:** early 1990s · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European missionary activity, US Library), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Sudan:370
# text = Despite European missionary activity beginning as early as the mid-19th century, the US Library of Congress states that "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10% of southern Sudan's population was Christian".
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	missionary	missionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
5	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mid-19th	mid-19th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Library	Library	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Congress	Congress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	states	state	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	37	obl	_	_
25	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
26	no	no	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
27	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	37	advmod	_	_
28	than	than	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	's	's	PART	POS	_	33	case	_	_
35	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund | European missionary activity *not said here* |  |  |  | century | early *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **state** *speech: other* | present | the US Library of Congress |  |  |  |  | despite European missionary activity | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  | the early 1990s |  | christian, possibly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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