---
title: In January 2020, the COVID-19 virus was confirmed to have spread to… — Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In January 2020, the COVID-19 virus was confirmed to have spread to Spain, causing life expectancy to drop by more than a year. Who acts: life expectancy. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Spain» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/214/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/) / 214

# Spain, sentence 214

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Spain»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In January 2020, the COVID-19 virus was confirmed to have spread to Spain, causing life expectancy to drop by more than a year.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** life expectancy · **What happens:** confirm, spread, cause, drop · **To what, where:** COVID virus, Spain, life expectancy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life expectancy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Spain:214
# text = In January 2020, the COVID-19 virus was confirmed to have spread to Spain, causing life expectancy to drop by more than a year.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
3	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
9	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	confirmed	confirm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
14	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	27	advmod	_	_
25	than	than	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confirm** | past · passive |  | the COVID virus |  |  | january |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  | Spain |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | gerund |  | life expectancy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **drop** | to-infinitive | life expectancy *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 213](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/213/)
- next →: [sentence 215](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/215/)
- ↑ back to [Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/)