---
title: On the west, Spain is bordered by Portugal; on the south, it is bord… — Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: On the west, Spain is bordered by Portugal; on the south, it is bordered by Gibraltar and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla, and the peninsula of de Vélez de la Gomera). Who acts: Portugal, Gibraltar. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Spain» with its dependency tree and pragm
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/226/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/) / 226

# Spain, sentence 226

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Spain»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the west, Spain is bordered by Portugal; on the south, it is bordered by Gibraltar and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla, and the peninsula of de Vélez de la Gomera).

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Portugal, Gibraltar · **What happens:** border · **To what, where:** Spain, west, south

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portugal, Gibraltar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Spain:226
# text = On the west, Spain is bordered by Portugal; on the south, it is bordered by Gibraltar and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla, and the peninsula of de Vélez de la Gomera).
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	bordered	border	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	bordered	border	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Gibraltar	Gibraltar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Morocco	Morocco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	exclaves	exclave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Ceuta	Ceuta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	Melilla	Melilla	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	Vélez	Vélez	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	39	flat:foreign	_	_
41	la	la	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	39	appos	_	_
42	Gomera	Gomera	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **border** | present · passive | Portugal | Spain |  | the west |  | the peninsula of de Vélez *obl* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **border** | present · passive | Gibraltar and Morocco | south |  | the south |  | south's exclaves in North Africa and Ceuta and Melilla *conj* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 225](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/225/)
- next →: [sentence 227](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/227/)
- ↑ back to [Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/)