---
title: Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Penins… — Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age. Who acts: Archaeological, Iberian Peninsula. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Spain» with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Spain, sentence 27

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From Wikipedia, [«Spain»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age.

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**Who acts:** Archaeological, Iberian Peninsula · **What happens:** suggest, act, repopulate, follow · **To what, where:** northern Europe, several major refugia · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Archaeological, Iberian Peninsula), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Spain:27
# text = Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age.
1	Archaeological	Archaeological	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	genetic	genetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	suggests	suggest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Iberian	Iberian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	acted	act	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	refugia	refugia	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	_
19	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	repopulated	repopulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
23	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | present | Archaeological and genetic evidence |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **act** | past | the Iberian Peninsula |  |  |  |  | as one of several major refugia | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as one=Attribute |
| 3 | **repopulate** | past · passive |  | northern Europe |  | several major refugia | follow the end of the last ice age |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 4 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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