---
title: Spain was among the countries affected most by the 2008 financial cr… — Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Spain was among the countries affected most by the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent European debt crisis, leading to the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis. Who acts: Spain. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Spain» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Spain, sentence 423

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From Wikipedia, [«Spain»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Spain was among the countries affected most by the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent European debt crisis, leading to the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis.

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**Who acts:** Spain · **What happens:** be, affect, lead · **To what, where:** countries

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Spain:423
# text = Spain was among the countries affected most by the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent European debt crisis, leading to the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis.
1	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	2008	2008	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	crisis	crisis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	crisis	crisis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
22	2008	2008	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	24	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nmod	_	_
25	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	crisis	crisis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Spain |  |  |  |  | among the countries | tree rules |
| 2 | **affect** | participle |  | the countries *not said here* |  |  |  | by the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent European debt crisis | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **lead** | gerund | Spain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the Spanish financial crisis | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to crisis=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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