---
title: Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a severe economic… — Sri Lanka · tree and pragmatics
description: Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a severe economic crisis occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilisers,
---

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# Sri Lanka, sentence 190

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From Wikipedia, [«Sri Lanka»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a severe economic crisis occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilisers, and a multitude of other factors.

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**Who acts:** Economic troubles · **What happens:** begin, cause, increase, fall · **To what, where:** 2019, severe economic crisis, foreign debt, foreign remittances, food crisis

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sri Lanka». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Economic troubles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sri_Lanka:190
# text = Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a severe economic crisis occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilisers, and a multitude of other factors.
1	Economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Sri	Sri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	Lanka	Lanka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2019	2019	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	crisis	crisis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	occurred	occur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	increasing	increase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
24	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	deficits	deficit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
27	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	cuts	cut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
33	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	remittances	remittance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	crisis	crisis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
39	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	acl	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
42	organic	organic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
44	along	along	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	ban	ban	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
48	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	fertilisers	fertiliser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	factors	factor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Economic troubles in Sri |  |  | 2019 |  | a multitude of other factors *parataxis* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cause** | past · passive |  | a severe economic crisis |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **increase** | gerund |  | foreign debt and massive budget deficits |  |  |  | due tax cuts; rapidly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer debt=Patient |
| 4 | **fall** | gerund |  | foreign remittances |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient remittance=Result |
| 5 | **cause** | participle |  | a food crisis *not said here* |  |  |  | by mandatory organic farming; along a ban on chemical fertilisers | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sri Lanka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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