---
title: To the south, the kingdom of Alodia fell to either the Arabs, comman… — Sudan · tree and pragmatics
description: To the south, the kingdom of Alodia fell to either the Arabs, commanded by tribal leader Abdallah Jamma, or the Funj, an African people originating from the south. Who acts: kingdom, African people. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Sudan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Sudan, sentence 111

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From Wikipedia, [«Sudan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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To the south, the kingdom of Alodia fell to either the Arabs, commanded by tribal leader Abdallah Jamma, or the Funj, an African people originating from the south.

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**Who acts:** kingdom, African people · **What happens:** fall, command, originate · **To what, where:** Arabs, south · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingdom, African people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sudan:111
# text = To the south, the kingdom of Alodia fell to either the Arabs, commanded by tribal leader Abdallah Jamma, or the Funj, an African people originating from the south.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Alodia	Alodia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
11	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc:preconj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	tribal	tribal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	Abdallah	Abdallah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
20	Jamma	Jamma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Funj	Funj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	appos	_	_
29	originating	originate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	acl	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the kingdom of Alodia | the Arabs or the Funj |  |  |  | to the south *result* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient arab=Extent to south=Result |
| 2 | **command** | participle |  | the Arabs or the Funj *not said here* |  |  |  | by tribal leader | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent by leader=Eventuality |
| 3 | **originate** | gerund | a African people *not said here* |  |  | the south |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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