---
title: The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan. — Sudan · tree and pragmatics
description: The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan. Who acts: Kerma culture. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Sudan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Sudan, sentence 43

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From Wikipedia, [«Sudan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan.

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**Who acts:** Kerma culture · **What happens:** be, center · **To what, where:** early civilization, Kerma

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kerma culture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sudan:43
# text = The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Kerma	Kerma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	civilization	civilization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	centered	center	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Kerma	Kerma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a early civilization |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **center** | past | the Kerma culture |  |  | Kerma and Sudan |  |  | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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