---
title: Schools are concentrated in urban areas; many in the west have been… — Sudan · tree and pragmatics
description: Schools are concentrated in urban areas; many in the west have been damaged or destroyed by years of civil war. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Sudan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Sudan, sentence 558

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From Wikipedia, [«Sudan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Schools are concentrated in urban areas; many in the west have been damaged or destroyed by years of civil war.

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**What happens:** concentrate, damage, destroy · **To what, where:** Schools, urban areas, many

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sudan:558
# text = Schools are concentrated in urban areas; many in the west have been damaged or destroyed by years of civil war.
1	Schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	concentrated	concentrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **concentrate** | present · passive |  | Schools |  | urban areas |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | present · perfect · passive |  | many in the west |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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