---
title: Since then, urban sprawl has led to the growth of a number of suburb… — Suva · tree and pragmatics
description: Since then, urban sprawl has led to the growth of a number of suburbs outside the city limits. Who acts: number. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Suva» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Suva, sentence 24

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From Wikipedia, [«Suva»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suva), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since then, urban sprawl has led to the growth of a number of suburbs outside the city limits.

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**Who acts:** number · **What happens:** lead, grow · **To what, where:** urban sprawl, growth

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Suva». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Suva:24
# text = Since then, urban sprawl has led to the growth of a number of suburbs outside the city limits.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sprawl	sprawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	suburbs	suburb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · perfect · passive |  | urban sprawl |  | the growth of a number of suburbs outside the city limits |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to growth=Destination |
| 2 | **grow** |  | a number of suburbs outside the city limits |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Suva», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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