---
title: In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintai… — Sweden · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia. Who acts: Sweden,
---

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# Sweden, sentence 136

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From Wikipedia, [«Sweden»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia.

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**Who acts:** Sweden, enough resources, Russia · **What happens:** not have, maintain, lose, culminate, become · **To what, where:** enough resources, territories, most, Russia, 1809, autonomous Grand Principality

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sweden». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sweden, enough resources, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sweden:136
# text = In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	18th	18th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	maintain	maintain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	territories	territory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	24	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	culminating	culminate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	1809	1809	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
39	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
41	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
43	Grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	Principality	principality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	xcomp	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	Imperial	Imperial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past · do-support | Sweden | enough resources |  |  | century |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **maintain** | to-infinitive | enough resources *not said here* | first's territories |  |  |  | outside Scandinavia | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent territory=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | past · passive |  | most of Sweden |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 4 | **culminate** | gerund |  |  | Russia | 1809 of eastern Sweden |  | with the loss | tree rules |
| 5 | **become** | past | Russia | the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sweden», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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