---
title: Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798,… — Switzerland · tree and pragmatics
description: Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798, when revolutionary France invaded and imposed the centralist Helvetic Republic. Who acts: Switzerland, revolutionary France. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Switzerland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Switzerland, sentence 12

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From Wikipedia, [«Switzerland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798, when revolutionary France invaded and imposed the centralist Helvetic Republic.

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**Who acts:** Switzerland, revolutionary France · **What happens:** remain, govern, invade, impose · **To what, where:** network, centralist

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland, revolutionary France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Switzerland:12
# text = Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798, when revolutionary France invaded and imposed the centralist Helvetic Republic.
1	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	network	network	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	governing	govern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	until	until	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1798	1798	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	revolutionary	revolutionary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	invaded	invade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	imposed	impose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	centralist	centralist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	Helvetic	Helvetic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
22	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past | Switzerland | a network of governing states |  |  | until 1798 |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme network=Attribute |
| 2 | **govern** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | self *compound* | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **invade** | past | revolutionary France |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **impose** | past | revolutionary France *not said here* | the centralist |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent centralist=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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