---
title: Several referendums on the EU issue ensued; due to opposition from t… — Switzerland · tree and pragmatics
description: Several referendums on the EU issue ensued; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application was withdrawn. Who acts: Several referendums. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Switzerland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Switzerland, sentence 163

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From Wikipedia, [«Switzerland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Several referendums on the EU issue ensued; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application was withdrawn.

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**Who acts:** Several referendums · **What happens:** ensue, withdraw · **To what, where:** membership application

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several referendums), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Switzerland:163
# text = Several referendums on the EU issue ensued; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application was withdrawn.
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	referendums	referendum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	EU	EU	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	issue	issue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	ensued	ensue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	membership	membership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	application	application	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	withdrawn	withdraw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ensue** | past | Several referendums on the EU issue |  |  |  |  | due opposition; from the citizens | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **withdraw** | past · passive |  | the membership application |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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