---
title: Since the pre-industrial period of 1871–1900, the national average t… — Switzerland · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the pre-industrial period of 1871–1900, the national average temperature has risen by 2.9 °C, more than twice the global average. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Switzerland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Switzerland, sentence 212

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From Wikipedia, [«Switzerland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since the pre-industrial period of 1871–1900, the national average temperature has risen by 2.9 °C, more than twice the global average.

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**What happens:** rise · **To what, where:** national average temperature

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Switzerland:212
# text = Since the pre-industrial period of 1871–1900, the national average temperature has risen by 2.9 °C, more than twice the global average.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	pre-industrial	pre-industrial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1871	1871	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	risen	rise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	2.9	2.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obl	_	_
18	°	°	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	C	C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	26	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	global	global	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | present · perfect · passive |  | the national average temperature |  |  | since the pre-industrial period of 1871 – 1900 | by 2.9; ° C | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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