--- title: Switzerland has four national languages: mainly German (spoken nativ… — Switzerland · tree and pragmatics description: Switzerland has four national languages: mainly German (spoken natively by 62% of the population in 2026); French (22.7%) spoken natively in the west; and Italian (8.2%) spoken natively in the south. Who acts: Switzerland. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Switzerland» with its dependency tree and pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/488/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Switzerland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/) / 488 # Switzerland, sentence 488 From Wikipedia, [«Switzerland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Switzerland has four national languages: mainly German (spoken natively by 62% of the population in 2026); French (22.7%) spoken natively in the west; and Italian (8.2%) spoken natively in the south. **Who acts:** Switzerland · **What happens:** have, speak · **To what, where:** four national languages, west, south · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Switzerland:488 # text = Switzerland has four national languages: mainly German (spoken natively by 62% of the population in 2026); French (22.7%) spoken natively in the west; and Italian (8.2%) spoken natively in the south. 1 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 4 national national ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 mainly mainly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 German German ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 11 natively natively ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 62 62 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 14 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 population population NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 2026 2026 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 22.7 22.7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 27 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl _ _ 28 natively natively ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 west west NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 35 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 36 8.2 8.2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 37 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 37 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 34 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 38 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 39 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl _ _ 40 natively natively ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 south south NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Switzerland | four national languages | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle | | | | | | natively *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle | | | | the west | | natively *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle | | | | the south | | natively *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 487](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/487/) - next →: [sentence 489](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/489/) - ↑ back to [Switzerland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/)