---
title: German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typi… — Switzerland · tree and pragmatics
description: German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German that do not appear in Standard German, nor in other German dialects. Who acts: German Helvetisms, words. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Switzerland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Switzerland, sentence 501

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From Wikipedia, [«Switzerland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German that do not appear in Standard German, nor in other German dialects.

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**Who acts:** German Helvetisms, words · **What happens:** speak, not appear · **To what, where:** large group, Standard German · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (German Helvetisms, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Switzerland:501
# text = German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German that do not appear in Standard German, nor in other German dialects.
1	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Helvetisms	helvetism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	Swiss	Swiss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
19	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	30	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · progressive | German Helvetisms | a large group of words nor other German dialects |  |  |  | roughly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **appear** | present · do-support | words |  |  | Standard German |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in german=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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