---
title: Several sources indicate that the name Syria is borrowed from the An… — Syria · tree and pragmatics
description: Several sources indicate that the name Syria is borrowed from the Ancient Greek name Σύριοι Sýrioi, or Σύροι Sýroi, which is in turn borrowed from Luwian sura/i- (attested in the 8th century BC), and ultimately derived from Aššūr (Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and north-eastern 
---

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# Syria, sentence 31

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From Wikipedia, [«Syria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Several sources indicate that the name Syria is borrowed from the Ancient Greek name Σύριοι Sýrioi, or Σύροι Sýroi, which is in turn borrowed from Luwian sura/i- (attested in the 8th century BC), and ultimately derived from Aššūr (Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and north-eastern Syria).

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**Who acts:** Several sources, Ancient Greek name · **What happens:** indicate, borrow, be, attest, derive · **To what, where:** name, Ancient Greek name, turn, Luwian sura/i, Aššūr

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Syria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several sources, Ancient Greek name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Syria:31
# text = Several sources indicate that the name Syria is borrowed from the Ancient Greek name Σύριοι Sýrioi, or Σύροι Sýroi, which is in turn borrowed from Luwian sura/i- (attested in the 8th century BC), and ultimately derived from Aššūr (Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and north-eastern Syria).
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	Syria	Syria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	Σύριοι	Σύριοι	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
16	Sýrioi	Sýrioi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Σύροι	Σύροι	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Sýroi	Sýroi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
26	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	Luwian	Luwian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	sura/i	sura/i	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	attested	attest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	8th	8th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	36	amod	_	_
36	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
43	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	Aššūr	Aššūr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
45	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	46	punct	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
51	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	compound	_	_
55	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	appos	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
57	north	north	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	amod	_	_
60	Syria	Syria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | Several sources |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 2 | **borrow** | present · passive |  | the name |  | the Ancient Greek name and turn |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from name=Source |
| 3 | **is** | present | the Ancient Greek name and turn |  |  | turn |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **borrow** | participle |  | turn *not said here* |  | Luwian sura/i |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from sura/i=Source |
| 5 | **attest** | participle |  | Luwian sura/i *not said here* |  |  | century |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **derive** | participle | Several sources *not said here* |  |  | Aššūr |  | in northern Mesopotamia; ultimately *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mesopotamia=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Syria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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