--- title: According to The Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, in… — Syria · tree and pragmatics description: According to The Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, in addition to Arabic, the following languages are spoken in the country, in order of the number of speakers: Kurdish (recognized in 2026 as a national language of Syria), Turkish, Neo-Aramaic (four dialects), Circassian, Chechen, Arm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/520/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Syria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/) / 520 # Syria, sentence 520 From Wikipedia, [«Syria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. According to The Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, in addition to Arabic, the following languages are spoken in the country, in order of the number of speakers: Kurdish (recognized in 2026 as a national language of Syria), Turkish, Neo-Aramaic (four dialects), Circassian, Chechen, Armenian, and finally Greek. **What happens:** accord, follow, speak, recognize, order · **To what, where:** following languages, country, 2026, number · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Syria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Syria:520 # text = According to The Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, in addition to Arabic, the following languages are spoken in the country, in order of the number of speakers: Kurdish (recognized in 2026 as a national language of Syria), Turkish, Neo-Aramaic (four dialects), Circassian, Chechen, Armenian, and finally Greek. 1 According accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 case _ _ 2 to to ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 Arabic Arabic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Language Language PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 Linguistics Linguistic PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 7 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 addition addition NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Arabic Arabic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 amod _ _ 18 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 : : PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 33 Kurdish Kurdish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 recognized recognize VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 conj _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 2026 2026 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 obl _ _ 38 as as ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 national national ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Syria Syria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 46 Turkish Turkish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 Neo-Aramaic Neo-Aramaic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 49 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 50 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 51 nummod _ _ 51 dialects dialect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 52 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 54 Circassian Circassian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 56 Chechen Chechen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 57 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 58 Armenian Armenian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 59 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 61 finally finally ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 62 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 63 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | | the following languages | | the country | | accord the Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics; in order of the number of speakers | tree rules | | 4 | **recognize** | participle | | | | 2026 | | as a national language of Syria | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as language=Attribute | | 5 | **order** | | | the number of speakers | | | | | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Syria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 519](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/519/) - next →: [sentence 521](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/521/) - ↑ back to [Syria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/)