--- title: Tashkent — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 3 description: Wikipedia's «Tashkent», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Tashkent (/tæʃˈkɛnt/), also known as Toshkent, is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/page/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Tashkent # Tashkent · page 3 From Wikipedia, [«Tashkent»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/page/2/) **3** There has also been planning to make a new district named "[New Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Tashkent)", southeast of the center, which would resemble [Saint-Petersburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Petersburg) in its architecture.[\[74\]](../../page/3/#ref-74 "note 74")[198](../../198/ "tree and pragmatics") Before Tashkent was conquered by the Russian Empire, it was divided into four districts, or daha in Uzbek:[199](../../199/ "tree and pragmatics") - Beshyoghoch[200](../../200/ "tree and pragmatics") - Kukcha[201](../../201/ "tree and pragmatics") - Shaykhontokhur[202](../../202/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sebzor[203](../../203/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1940 it had the following districts (Russian район):[204](../../204/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Oktyabr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution)[205](../../205/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kirov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kirov)[206](../../206/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Stalin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin)[207](../../207/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Frunze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze)[208](../../208/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Lenin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin)[209](../../209/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kuybishev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerian_Kuybyshev)[210](../../210/ "tree and pragmatics") By 1981, these were reorganized into the following:[\[48\]](../../page/3/#ref-48 "note 48")[211](../../211/ "tree and pragmatics") - Bektemir[212](../../212/ "tree and pragmatics") - Akmal-Ikramov (Uchtepa)[213](../../213/ "tree and pragmatics") - Khamza (Yashnobod)[214](../../214/ "tree and pragmatics") - Lenin (Mirobod)[215](../../215/ "tree and pragmatics") - Kuybishev (Mirzo Ulugbek)[216](../../216/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sergeli[217](../../217/ "tree and pragmatics") - Oktober (Shaykhontokhur)[218](../../218/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sobir Rakhimov (Olmazar)[219](../../219/ "tree and pragmatics") - Chilanzar[220](../../220/ "tree and pragmatics") - Frunze (Yakkasaray)[221](../../221/ "tree and pragmatics") - Kirov (Yunusabad)[222](../../222/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Landmarks Although most of the ancient city was destroyed during the [1917 revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917) and the 1966 earthquake, Tashkent has many museums and Soviet-era monuments:[223](../../223/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kukeldash Madrasah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukeldash_Madrasah_%28Tashkent%29).[224](../../224/ "tree and pragmatics") Dating back to the reign of [Abdullah Khan II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Khan_II) (1557–1598), it is being restored by the provincial Religious Board of [Mawarannahr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawarannahr) Muslims.[225](../../225/ "tree and pragmatics") There is talk of making it into a museum, but it is currently being used as a madrasah.[226](../../226/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Chorsu Bazaar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorsu_Bazaar), located near the Kukeldash Madrasah, is an open-air [bazaar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar) in the centre of the old town of Tashkent.[227](../../227/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Hazrati Imam Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazrati_Imam_Complex) includes several mosques, a shrine, and a library.[228](../../228/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Center for Islamic Civilization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Islamic_Civilization), which holds the [Samarkand Kufic Quran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_Kufic_Quran), one of the oldest extant Qurans in the world, which claims to be stained with the blood of the [martyred](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Uthman) third caliph [Uthman ibn Affan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman).[229](../../229/ "tree and pragmatics") Looted from [Samarkand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand) as a war trophy in 1868 during the [Russian conquest of Central Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia) and taken to [Saint Petersburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg), it was [repatriated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_%28cultural_property%29) to Tashkent in 1923 by the [Bolsheviks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsheviks).[\[55\]](../../page/3/#ref-55 "note 55")[230](../../230/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Qaffol Shoshi mausoleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaffol_Shoshi_mausoleum), built in honour of Imam Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ismail al-Kaffal ash-Shashi.[\[75\]](../../page/3/#ref-75 "note 75")[\[76\]](../../page/3/#ref-76 "note 76")[231](../../231/ "tree and pragmatics") The original tomb did not survive in its initial form.[232](../../232/ "tree and pragmatics") In its current state, the mausoleum was constructed in 1542 by the royal architect of the time, Gulyam Husayn.[233](../../233/ "tree and pragmatics") It is an asymmetrical domed portal mausoleum, known as a khanqah.[\[77\]](../../page/3/#ref-77 "note 77")[234](../../234/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Yunus Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunus_Khan) Mausoleum.[235](../../235/ "tree and pragmatics") It is a group of three 15th-century mausoleums, restored in the 19th century.[236](../../236/ "tree and pragmatics") The largest is the grave of Yunus Khan, grandfather of [Mughal Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire) founder [Babur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babur).[237](../../237/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Palace of Prince Romanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov_Palace).[238](../../238/ "tree and pragmatics") During the 19th century, [Grand Duke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duke) [Nikolai Konstantinovich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Konstantinovich), a first cousin of [Alexander III of Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia), was banished to Tashkent for some shady deals involving the Russian Crown Jewels.[239](../../239/ "tree and pragmatics") His palace still survives in the centre of the city.[240](../../240/ "tree and pragmatics") Once a museum, it has since been appropriated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[241](../../241/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navoi_Theater), built by the architect who also designed [Lenin's Tomb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenin%27s_Tomb) in Moscow, [Aleksey Shchusev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Shchusev), with the labour of [Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan) [prisoners of war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war) during the Second World War.[242](../../242/ "tree and pragmatics") It hosts Russian ballet and opera.[243](../../243/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fine Arts Museum of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museum_of_Uzbekistan).[244](../../244/ "tree and pragmatics") It contains a major collection of art from the pre-Russian period, including [Sogdian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdian_language) murals, [Buddhist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist) statues, and [Zoroastrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrian) art, along with a more modern collection of 19th- and 20th-century [applied art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_art), such as [suzani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzani_textile) embroidered hangings.[245](../../245/ "tree and pragmatics") Of more interest is the large collection of paintings "borrowed" from the [Hermitage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) by Grand Duke Romanov to decorate his palace in exile in Tashkent, and never returned.[246](../../246/ "tree and pragmatics") Behind the museum is a small park containing the neglected graves of the [Bolsheviks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsheviks) who died in the [Russian Revolution of 1917](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917) and during [Osipov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._P._Osipov)'s treachery in 1919,[\[78\]](../../page/3/#ref-78 "note 78") along with the first Uzbekistani President, [Yuldosh Akhunbabayev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuldosh_Akhunbabayev).[247](../../247/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Museum of Applied Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts).[248](../../248/ "tree and pragmatics") Housed in a traditional house originally commissioned for a wealthy tsarist diplomat, the house itself is the main attraction, rather than its collection of 19th- and 20th-century [applied arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_arts).[249](../../249/ "tree and pragmatics") - [State Museum of History of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Museum_of_History_of_Uzbekistan), the largest museum in the city.[250](../../250/ "tree and pragmatics") It is housed in the former Lenin Museum.[251](../../251/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Amir Timur Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Timur_Museum), housed in a building with a brilliant blue dome and ornate interior.[252](../../252/ "tree and pragmatics") It houses exhibits on [Timur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur) and President [Islam Karimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Karimov).[253](../../253/ "tree and pragmatics") To the south of the museum is [Amir Timur Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Timur_Square), where there is a statue of Timur on horseback, surrounded by some of the finest gardens and fountains in the city.[254](../../254/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Navoi Literary Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navoi_Literary_Museum), commemorating Uzbekistan's adopted literary hero, [Alisher Navoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisher_Navoi), with replica manuscripts, [Islamic calligraphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy), and 15th-century [miniature paintings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_miniature).[255](../../255/ "tree and pragmatics") - The [Tashkent Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Metro) is known for the extravagant design and architecture of its stations.[256](../../256/ "tree and pragmatics") Photography in the system was banned until 2018.[\[79\]](../../page/3/#ref-79 "note 79")[257](../../257/ "tree and pragmatics") The Russian Orthodox church in Amir Timur Square, built in 1898, was demolished in 2009.[258](../../258/ "tree and pragmatics") The building had not been allowed to be used for religious purposes since the 1920s, due to the anti-religious campaign conducted across the former Soviet Union by the Bolshevik government in Moscow.[259](../../259/ "tree and pragmatics") During the Soviet period, the building was used for various non-religious purposes; after independence, it became a bank.[260](../../260/ "tree and pragmatics") Tashkent also has a Second World War memorial park and a Defender of the Motherland monument.[\[80\]](../../page/3/#ref-80 "note 80")[\[81\]](../../page/3/#ref-81 "note 81")[261](../../261/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education Most important scientific institutions of Uzbekistan, such as the [Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Uzbekistan), are located in Tashkent.[262](../../262/ "tree and pragmatics") There are several universities and institutions of higher education:[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") - Amity University in Tashkent[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") - [New Uzbekistan University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Uzbekistan_University)[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent State Pedagogical University[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") - [TEAM University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAM_University_Tashkent)[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") - The Branch of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NRU) named after I.M.[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") Gubkin[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent Automobile and Road Construction Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Automobile_and_Road_Construction_Institute)[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent State Technical University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_State_Technical_University)[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Institute_of_Irrigation_and_Melioration)[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") - International Business School Kelajak Ilmi[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent University of Information Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_University_of_Information_Technologies)[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Westminster International University in Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_International_University_in_Tashkent)[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin_Polytechnic_University_in_Tashkent)[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") - [National University of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_University_of_Uzbekistan)[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") - [University of World Economy and Diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_World_Economy_and_Diplomacy)[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent State Economic University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_State_Economic_University)[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent State Institute of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_State_Institute_of_Law)[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent Financial Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Financial_Institute)[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") - State Conservatory of Uzbekistan[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent State Medicine Academy[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_State_University_of_Oriental_Studies)[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent Islamic University[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") - British Management University in Tashkent[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_Development_Institute_of_Singapore_in_Tashkent)[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Institute_of_Railway_Transport_Engineers)[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") - National Institute of Arts and Design named after Kamaleddin Bekhzod[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Inha University Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inha_University_Tashkent)[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Uzbekistan State University of World Languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_State_University_of_World_Languages)[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") - Central Asian University[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") - Webster University in Tashkent[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tashkent Professional College of Information Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPCIT)[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") - Nordic International University[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Media - Nine [Uzbek language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language) newspapers, four in English, and nine in Russian.[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") - Several television and cable television facilities, including [Tashkent Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Tower), the second [tallest structure in Central Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Central_Asia).[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") - Moreover, Tashkent has digital broadcasting systems, which are unique in [Central Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia).[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transportation ### Metro The [Tashkent Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Metro) was opened in 1977 and was the first metro system in Central Asia.[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") It consists of four lines, with 50 stations in total.[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2025, the metro carried 286.8 million passengers.[\[82\]](../../page/3/#ref-82 "note 82")[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") Each station is uniquely decorated, like an art exhibition, with elaborate mosaics, chandeliers, and historic or thematic designs.[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Buses As of 2022, Tashkent's city bus network comprised 141 routes and a rolling stock of 1,248 buses, made up of electric, gas, and conventionally powered units.[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") The purchase of 1,000 [CNG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNG)-powered buses was facilitated by a US$210 million line of credit provided to the [National Bank of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Uzbekistan) by [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) [corpus](../../../China/ "in our corpus").[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") Additionally, the city is serviced by 751 privately owned minibuses, or [marshrutki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshrutka), which run on 72 extra routes.[\[83\]](../../page/3/#ref-83 "note 83")[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's [trolleybus system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Tashkent) was shut down in April 2010.[\[84\]](../../page/3/#ref-84 "note 84")[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Air [Tashkent International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_International_Airport) is the largest and busiest airport in the country and serves as a major regional hub in Central Asia, connecting the city to destinations across Asia, Europe, and North America.[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") It was named after [Islam Karimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Karimov), the first president of independent Uzbekistan, in 2017.[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") The airport served 8.7 million passengers in 2024.[\[85\]](../../page/3/#ref-85 "note 85")[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Rail [Tram transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Tashkent) in the city was discontinued on 1 May 2016, with the stated reason being to ease car congestion on the city's roads.[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent–Bukhara_high-speed_rail_line) is Uzbekistan's long-distance high-speed rail corridor, capable of covering the 600 km between the capital and [Bukhara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara) in under four hours, and reaching [Samarkand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand) in just over two hours.[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") There is a lower-speed line which extends further, from Bukhara to [Khiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiva).[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") There are daily services in both directions along the route.[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") As of April 2026, there are also daily international services from Tashkent to [Almaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty), twice-weekly services to [Volgograd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd) and [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow) [corpus](../../../Moscow/ "in our corpus"), and weekly services to [Dushanbe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dushanbe) [corpus](../../../Dushanbe/ "in our corpus") and [Kazan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan).[\[86\]](../../page/3/#ref-86 "note 86")[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Entertainment and shopping There are several shopping malls in Tashkent.[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") These include Tashkent City Mall, Next, and Samarqand Darvoza shopping malls.[\[87\]](../../page/3/#ref-87 "note 87")[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the malls, including Riviera and Compass, were built and are operated by the Tower Management Group.[\[88\]](../../page/3/#ref-88 "note 88")[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") This is part of the Orient Group of Companies.[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") The capital's most established theatre is the [Alisher Navoi Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navoi_Theater), which has regular ballet and opera performances.[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") Ilkhom Theater, founded by Mark Weil in 1976, was the first independent theatre in the Soviet Union.[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") The theatre still operates in Tashkent and is known for its historical reputation.[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sport [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) is the most popular sport in Tashkent, with the most prominent football clubs being [Pakhtakor Tashkent FK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakhtakor_Tashkent_FK), [FC Bunyodkor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Bunyodkor), and [PFC Lokomotiv Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFC_Lokomotiv_Tashkent), all three of which compete in the [Uzbekistan Super League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_Super_League).[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") Footballers [Maksim Shatskikh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Shatskikh), [Peter Odemwingie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Odemwingie), and [Vasilis Hatzipanagis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasilis_Hatzipanagis) were born in the city.[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") [Humo Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humo_Tashkent), a professional ice hockey team, was established in 2019 with the aim of joining the [Kontinental Hockey League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League) (KHL), a top-level Eurasian league, in the future.[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") Humo joined the second-tier [Supreme Hockey League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Hockey_League) (VHL) for the 2019–20 season.[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") Humo play their games at the [Humo Ice Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humo_Ice_Dome); both the team and the arena derive their name from the mythical [Huma bird](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huma_bird).[\[89\]](../../page/3/#ref-89 "note 89")[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") Humo Tashkent was a member of the reformed Uzbekistan Ice Hockey League, which began play in February 2019.[\[90\]](../../page/3/#ref-90 "note 90")[\[91\]](../../page/3/#ref-91 "note 91")[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") Humo finished in first place at the end of the regular season.[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") Cyclist [Djamolidine Abdoujaparov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djamolidine_Abdoujaparov) was born in the city, while tennis player [Denis Istomin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Istomin) was raised there.[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") [Akgul Amanmuradova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akgul_Amanmuradova) and [Iroda Tulyaganova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroda_Tulyaganova) are notable female tennis players from Tashkent.[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") Gymnasts [Alina Kabaeva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alina_Kabaeva) and Israeli Olympian [Alexander Shatilov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Shatilov) were also born in the city.[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") Former world champion and Israeli Olympic bronze medallist in the K-1 500 m sprint canoe event, [Michael Kolganov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kolganov), was also born in Tashkent.[\[92\]](../../page/3/#ref-92 "note 92")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") In [weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting), Uzbekistan won the heavyweight class at both the Rio[\[93\]](../../page/3/#ref-93 "note 93") and Tokyo[\[93\]](../../page/3/#ref-93 "note 93") [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games).[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") Tashkent hosted the 2021 Weightlifting World Championships.[\[94\]](../../page/3/#ref-94 "note 94")[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable people - [Behzod Abduraimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behzod_Abduraimov), classical pianist[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nodirbek Abdusattorov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodirbek_Abdusattorov), chess grandmaster[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Turgun Alimatov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgun_Alimatov), Uzbek classic music and [shashmaqam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashmaqam) player and composer[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Natasha Alam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natasha_Alam), Uzbekistani–American actress and model[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Abdulla Aripov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov), politician and [Prime Minister of Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan)[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Lola Astanova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Astanova), Russian-American pianist[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Viktor Bryukhanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Bryukhanov), director of [Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant)[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sogdiana Fedorinskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdiana_Fedorinskaya), singer and actress[345](../../345/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gʻafur Gʻulom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gʻafur_Gʻulom), poet[346](../../346/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Anwar Hanbaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Hanbaba), Chinese Uzbek educator and politician[347](../../347/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ravshan Irmatov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravshan_Irmatov), football referee[348](../../348/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Helena Kagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Kagan), Israeli physician[349](../../349/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Arthur Kaliyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Kaliyev), born in Tashkent raised in [Staten Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island), [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City), American [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey) player for the [Los Angeles Kings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings) of the [NHL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL)[350](../../350/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rustam Kasimdzhanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustam_Kasimdzhanov), chess player, former FIDE World Champion[351](../../351/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ruslan Salakhutdinov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan_Salakhutdinov), a [tatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatars) AI researcher[352](../../352/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Javokhir Sindarov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javokhir_Sindarov) (born 2005), chess grandmaster[353](../../353/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Moshe Kaveh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Kaveh) (born 1943), Israeli [physicist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist) and former President of [Bar-Ilan University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University)[354](../../354/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Vladimir Kozlov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kozlov), Ukrainian-American professional wrestler[355](../../355/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Varvara Lepchenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvara_Lepchenko), American professional tennis player[356](../../356/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Olena Lytovchenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena_Lytovchenko), writer[357](../../357/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Naima Mahmudova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naima_Mahmudova) Soviet Uzbek doctor and stateswoman (1928–2017)[\[95\]](../../page/3/#ref-95 "note 95")[358](../../358/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tohir Malik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohir_Malik), novelist[359](../../359/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Boris Mavashev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Mavashev), Israeli seismologist[360](../../360/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alisher Mirzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisher_Mirzo), painter[361](../../361/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Eson Kandov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eson_Kandov), singer and musician[362](../../362/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Abdulla Qodiriy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulla_Qodiriy), writer[363](../../363/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mirjalol Qosimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirjalol_Qosimov), former player and head coach of the [Uzbekistan national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_national_football_team)[364](../../364/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Igor Povalyayev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Povalyayev), former professional footballer[365](../../365/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Svetlana Radzivil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Radzivil), high jumper[366](../../366/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Artur Rozyyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur_Rozyyev), former Russian professional football player[367](../../367/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Dilorom Saidaminova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilorom_Saidaminova), composer[368](../../368/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tursunoy Saidazimova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tursunoy_Saidazimova), singer[369](../../369/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Shakhida Shaimardanova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakhida_Shaimardanova), composer[370](../../370/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Iroda Tulyaganova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroda_Tulyaganova), former tennis player[371](../../371/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alisher Usmanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov), born in [Chust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chust,_Uzbekistan), spent his childhood in Tashkent[372](../../372/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Milana Vayntrub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milana_Vayntrub), American actress and comedian[373](../../373/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rita Volk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Volk), Uzbekistani–American actress[374](../../374/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Hakim Karimovich Zaripov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim_Karimovich_Zaripov), circus performer[375](../../375/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Farrukh Zokirov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukh_Zokirov), singer[376](../../376/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Zulfiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfiya_%28poet%29), writer and poet[377](../../377/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sodiq Safoyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiq_Safoyev), first deputy chairperson of the Senate of Uzbekistan's Parliament[378](../../378/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ali Hamroyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Hamroyev), actor, film director, screenwriter, and film producer[379](../../379/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Abid Sadykov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abid_Sadykov), organic chemist, academician, and politician[380](../../380/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Behzod Hoshimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behzod_Hoshimov), academic[381](../../381/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Umid Iskandarov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umid_Iskandarov), Uzbek actor[382](../../382/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ulugʻbek Qodirov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulugʻbek_Qodirov), actor[383](../../383/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tohir Sodiroqov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohir_Sodiqov), singer[384](../../384/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alisher Uzoqov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisher_Uzoqov), actor[385](../../385/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Zafar Khashimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafar_Khashimov) (born 1968), Uzbekistani businessman[386](../../386/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Abdukodir Khusanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdukodir_Khusanov), professional footballer[387](../../387/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Majid Qodiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majid_Qodiri) (1886-1938), Scholar[388](../../388/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Twin towns – sister cities See also: [List\_of\_twin\_towns\_and\_sister\_cities\_in\_Asia § Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia#Uzbekistan) Tashkent is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city) with:[\[96\]](../../page/3/#ref-96 "note 96")[389](../../389/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ankara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara) [corpus](../../../Ankara/ "in our corpus"), Turkey[\[97\]](../../page/3/#ref-97 "note 97")[390](../../390/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ashgabat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashgabat) [corpus](../../../Ashgabat/ "in our corpus"), Turkmenistan[\[98\]](../../page/3/#ref-98 "note 98")[391](../../391/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Astana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana) [corpus](../../../Astana/ "in our corpus"), Kazakhstan[\[99\]](../../page/3/#ref-99 "note 99")[392](../../392/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin) [corpus](../../../Berlin/ "in our corpus"), Germany[393](../../393/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Bishkek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishkek) [corpus](../../../Bishkek/ "in our corpus"), Kyrgyzstan[394](../../394/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Cairo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo) [corpus](../../../Cairo/ "in our corpus"), Egypt[\[100\]](../../page/3/#ref-100 "note 100")[395](../../395/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Dnipro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnipro), Ukraine[396](../../396/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kyiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv) [corpus](../../../Kyiv/ "in our corpus"), Ukraine[397](../../397/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow) [corpus](../../../Moscow/ "in our corpus"), Russia[398](../../398/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nagoya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagoya), Japan[399](../../399/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Riga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga) [corpus](../../../Riga/ "in our corpus"), Latvia[400](../../400/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle), United States[\[101\]](../../page/3/#ref-101 "note 101")[401](../../401/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul) [corpus](../../../Seoul/ "in our corpus"), South Korea[402](../../402/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai), China[403](../../403/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sverdlovsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk,_Luhansk_Oblast), Ukraine[404](../../404/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Gates of Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_Tashkent) ## Further reading See also: [Timeline of Tashkent § Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Tashkent#Bibliography) Stronski, Paul, *Tashkent: Forging a Soviet City, 1930–1966* (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010). Jeff Sahadeo, *Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent, 1865–1923* (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2010). [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/page/2/) **3** ## References {#references} 1\. "[Toshkent shahar statistika boshqarmasi](https://toshstat.uz/uz/)" \[Tashkent City Statistics Department\]. 2\. (no text) 3\. "[Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab](https://globaldatalab.org)". *hdi.globaldatalab.org*. 4\. /USalsotɑːʃˈkɛnt/ 5\. /tɒʃˈkɛnt/; *Toshkent*, تاشکند tɒʃˈkent 6\. The city was historically known as *Chach*, *Shash*, or *Binkat* 7\. Mullerson, Rein (4 April 2014). "[Central Asia](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Central_Asia/XBZIAwAAQBAJ)". Routledge. 8\. "[Urban and rural population by district](https://toshstat.uz/files/308/2021---DEMOGRAFIYA/2130/Hududlar-boyicha-shahar-va-qishloq-aholisi-soni.pdf)". Tashkent City department of statistics. 9\. *Praying Through the 100 Gateway Cities of the 10/40 Window*, ISBN 978-0-927-54580-8, p. 89. 10\. Тухсинов, Дониёр (2024-10-12). "[Uzbekistan's 2023 Progressive Rating Reveals Development Disparities Among Regions](https://kun.uz/en/news/2024/10/12/uzbekistans-2023-progressive-rating-reveals-development-disparities-among-regions)". *kun.uz*. 11\. "[Tashkent City is Top Contributor to GDP](https://tashkenttimes.uz/national/13504-tashkent-city-is-top-contributor-to-gdp)". 12\. "[Tashkent's Urban Development Strategy](https://tashkenttimes.uz/economy/13357-urban-development-strategy-in-tashkent)". 13\. "[Юбилей Ташкента. Такое бывает только раз в 2200 лет](http://www.fergananews.com/articles/6299)". *Фергана – международное агентство новостей*. 14\. "[Government of Uzbekistan approves master plan of Tashkent through 2045](https://www.gazeta.uz/en/2024/12/26/tashkent-master-plan/#:~:text=The%20government%20of%20Uzbekistan%20approved,7.4%20million%20during%20this%20period.)". *Газета.uz*. 2024-12-26. 15\. Sachau, Edward C. Alberuni's India: an Account of the Religion. Philosophy, Literature, Geography, Chronology, Astronomy, Customs, Laws and Astrology of India about AD 1030, vol. 1 London: KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRtJBNBR & CO. 1910. p.298. 16\. Livshits, Vladimir (2007). "The Leader of the People of Chach in Sogdian Inscriptions" in Macuch, Maggi, & Sundermann (eds.) *Iranian Languages and Texts from Iran and Turan. Ronald E. Emmerick Memorial Volume*. p. 179 17\. Ünal, Orçun (2022). ["On \*p- and Other Proto-Turkic Consonants"](https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp325_proto_Turkic_consonants.pdf) *[Sino-Platonic Papers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Platonic_Papers)*, **325**, pp. 45-46 18\. Ibragimov, R (2021). "[The Historical Development Stages of the Tashkent Oasis](https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-historical-development-stages-of-the-tashkent-oasis/viewer)". *Bulletin of Science and Practice*. 19\. Filanovich, Margarita Ivanovna (2010). "[Древняя и средневековая история Ташкента в археологических источниках](https://www.klex.ru/24ir)" \[The History of Tashkent in Antiquity and the Middle Age from Archaeological Sources\]. 20\. Juraboyevich, Yuldashev Jamol (2025). "[From the History of the Exploration of the Tashkent Oasis](https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai/article/view/3617/4639)". *International Journal of Artificial Intelligence*. American Academic Publishers. 21\. Болелов, С. Б.. "[Большая российская энциклопедия 2004-2017](https://old.bigenc.ru/archeology/text/1889070)". Министерство Культуры Российской федерации. 22\. Zadneprovsky, Y. A. (1994-06-01). "[History of Civilizations of Central Asia Volume II](https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000105703)". UNESCO publishing. [Alt URL](https://archive.org/details/history-of-civilizations-of-central-asia-volume-2/page/463/mode/2up) 23\. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The Consonantal System of Old Chinese," *Asia Major 9* (1963), p. 94. 24\. Dean, Riaz (2022). "The Stone Tower: Ptolemy, the Silk Road, and a 2,000-Year-Old Riddle". Penguin Viking. 25\. Dean, Riaz (2015). "The Location of Ptolemy's Stone Tower: the Case for Sulaiman-Too in Osh". *The Silk Road*. 26\. Bichurin, 1950. v. II 27\. Golden, P.B. *An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples*. Series: Turcologica. Wiesbaden: Otto-Harrassowitz. 1992 28\. Baratova L. S. Drevnetyurkskiye monety Sredney Azii VI—IKH vv. (tipologiya, ikonografiya, istoricheskaya interpretatsiya). Avtoreferat diss. kand. ist. nauk. — T., 1995, s.12 29\. O. G. Bol'shakov. Istoriya Khalifata, t. 4: apogey i padeniye. — Moskva: «Vostochnaya literatura» RAN, 2010 30\. [Filanovich, M.I.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_Ivanovna_Filanovich) Tashkent (zarozhdeniye i razvitiye goroda i gorodskoy kul'tury). Tashkent, 1983, p.188 31\. Kochnev B. D., Numizmaticheskaya istoriya Karakhanidskogo kaganata (991—1209 gg.). Moskva «Sofiya», 2006, p.157,234 32\. Fasikh Akhmad ibn Dzhalal ad-Din Mukhammad al-Khavafi. Fasikhov svod. Tashkent: Fan. 1980, p.114 33\. Dobromyslov A. I., Tashkent v proshlom i nastoyashchem. Tashkent, 1912, p.9 34\. Istoriya Tashkenta. Tashkent: Fan, 1988, p.70 35\. Yudin V. P. Materialy po istorii kazakhskikh khanstv XV-XVIII vekov. (Izvlecheniya iz persidskikh i tyurkskikh sochineniy). — Alma-Ata : Nauka, 1969, p.174. 36\. Ye. A. Davidovich, Korpus zolotykh i serebryanykh monet Sheybanidov. XVI vek. M., 1992 37\. Burnasheva R. Z., Nekotoryye svedeniya o chekanke mednykh monet v Tashkente v XVI—XIX vv. Izvestiya Natsional'noy akademii nauk Kazakhstana, No. 1, 2007, p.153 38\. "[The Kazakh Khanate in the period of Yesim Khan in folklore resources (1598-1645)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331682741)". *Milli Folklor*. January 2018. 39\. "[History of Civilizations of Central Asia,Volume V, UNESCO Publishing, page 97](https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000130205/PDF/130205eng.pdf.multi)". *unesdoc.unesco.org*. 40\. Istoriya Tashkenta (s drevneyshikh vremon do pobedy Fevral'skoy burzhuazno-demokraticheskoy revolyutsii) / Ziyayev KH. Z., Buryakov YU. V. Tashkent: «Fan», 1988 41\. Istoriya Tashkenta (s drevneyshikh vremyon do pobedy Fevralskoy burzhuazno-demokraticheskoy revolyutsii) / Ziyayev Kh. Z., Buryakov Y.F. Tashkent: «Fan», 1988 42\. Sula, Dorota (2017). "Pomoc Polakom – jeńcom w Imperium Rosyjskim w okresie I wojny światowej". *Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny*. 43\. Jeff Sahadeo, *Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent,* Indiana University Press, 2007, p188 44\. Rex A. Wade, *The Russian Revolution, 1917,* Cambridge University Press, 2005 45\. Shirer, Robert (2000-09-07). "[Johannes R. Becher 1891–1958](https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlanggerman/3/)". *German Language and Literature Papers*. 46\. Allworth, Edward (1994). "[Central Asia, 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview](https://books.google.com/books?id=X2XpddVB0l0C&pg=PA102)". Duke University Press. 47\. "["Lal Bahadur Shashtri's death was not natural, claims his family"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lal-bahadur-shastris-death-was-not-natural-claims-his-family/articleshow/49116369.cms)". Times of India. September 26, 2015. 48\. Sadikov, A C; Akramob Z. M.; Bazarbaev, A.; Mirzlaev T.M.; Adilov S. R.; Baimukhamedov X. N. (1984). "Geographical Atlas of Tashkent (Ташкент Географический Атлас)". 49\. Nurtaev Bakhtiar (1998). "[Damage for buildings of different type](http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/hara/uzbekistan/DamageForBuildings.htm)". Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. 50\. Сидорчик, Андрей (2021-04-26). "[Сила миллионов сердец. Как советские люди возродили разрушенный Ташкент](https://aif.ru/society/history/sila_millionov_serdec_kak_sovetskie_lyudi_vozrodili_razrushennyy_tashkent)" \[The Power of Millions of Hearts: How Soviet People Rebuilt the Destroyed Tashkent\]. *AiF*. 51\. "[Good bye the Tashkent Public Garden!](http://enews.fergananews.com/article.php?id=2590)". Ferghana.Ru. 23 November 2009. 52\. "[Tashkent city](http://www.tcibc.uz/about.html?tab=aim)". 53\. "[Fitch присвоило городу Ташкенту рейтинг "BB-", прогноз "Стабильный"](https://www.fitchratings.com/research/ru/international-public-finance/fitch-prisvoilo-gorodu-tashkentu-rejting-bb-prognoz-stabil-nyj-17-06-2019)" \[Fitch assigned the city of Tashkent a "BB-" rating with a "Stable" outlook.\]. *www.fitchratings.com*. 54\. "[Moscow News – World – Tashkent Touts Islamic University](http://mnweekly.ru/world/20070524/55252222.html)". Mnweekly.ru. 21 June 2007. 55\. Shaheen, Harry; Arbuthnot, Mollie (17 April 2026). "[A Soviet history of the Quran of Uthman, or decolonization Bolshevik-style](https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022826100461)". *Journal of Global History*. 56\. "[Uzbekistan doubles the number of tourists in 2018](https://brussels-express.eu/uzbekistan-doubles-the-number-of-tourists-in-2018/)". Brussels Express. 23 November 2018. 57\. "[Uzbekistan announces ambition to become major tourist destination](https://www.euractiv.com/section/central-asia/news/uzbekistan-announces-ambition-to-become-a-major-tourist-destination/)". Euractiv. 19 November 2018. 58\. "[Видеолекторий «Ферганы»: Изобретение телевидения и Борис Грабовский](https://www.fergananews.com/articles/8089)" \[Video lecture series "Fergana": The invention of television and Boris Grabovsky\]. *Фергана.Ру*. 59\. K. Krull, The boy who invented TV: The story of Philo Farnsworth, 2014 60\. [Updated Asian map of the Köppen climate classification system](https://mova.elamur.ai//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png) 61\. Tashkent Travel. "[Tashkent weather forecast](http://www.tashkent-travel.com/weather)". 62\. Happy-Tellus.com. "[Tashkent, Uzbekistan travel information](http://www.happytellus.com/tashkent/uzbekistan)". Infocenter International Ltd.. 63\. "[Загрязнение воздуха в Ташкенте ежегодно приводит к более 3000 преждевременных смертей — доклад ВБ](https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2024/10/09/air-pollution-tashkent/)" \[Air pollution in Tashkent causes more than 3,000 premature deaths annually — World Bank report\]. *www.gazeta.uz*. 64\. "[«60% теплиц вокруг Ташкента жгут уголь и резиновые покрышки» — Экологическая партия](https://kun.uz/ru/news/2024/11/08/60-teplits-vokrug-tashkenta-jgut-ugol-i-rezinovyye-pokryshki-ekologicheskaya-partiya)" \["60% of the greenhouses around Tashkent burn coal and rubber tires" — Environmental Party\]. *Kun.uz*. 65\. "[20 ноября 2025 г: Ташкент в числе самых загрязненных городов мира](https://www.iqair.com/ru/newsroom/tashkent-among-the-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-11-20-2025)". *www.iqair.com*. 2025-11-20. 66\. "[Город](https://tashkent.uz/ru/city)". *Хокимият города Ташкента (Tashkent city administration)*. June 2026. 67\. "[Опубликованы данные об этническом составе населения Узбекистана](https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/20/ethnic-groups/)". *Gazeta.uz*. 20 August 2021. 68\. "[Uzbekistan: A second coming for the Russian language?](https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistan-a-second-coming-for-the-russian-language)". eurasianet. 69\. "[Uzbekistan: Dead Letter](http://chalkboard.tol.org/uzbekistan-dead-letter/)". Chalkboard. 23 July 2007. 70\. "[The Proud Greeks of Tashkent, Uzbekistan](https://greekreporter.com/2025/08/01/greeks-tashkent-uzbekistan/)". *Greek Reporter*. 71\. Kallos, Dimitri (16 May 2024). "[The Greeks of Tashkent are a defining example of Hellenism, says Costas Politis](https://neoskosmos.com/en/2024/05/16/news/community/the-greeks-of-tashkent-are-a-defining-example-of-hellenism-says-costas-politis/)". *NEOS KOSMOS*. 72\. "[Deputies approved the creation of Yangihayot district of Tashkent](https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2020/09/09/yangi-hayot/)". Gazeta.uz. 9 September 2020. 73\. "[Districts](https://www.tashkent.uz/en/menu/rajony-)". City of Tashkent. 74\. "[Новый Ташкент — город без ошибок прошлого: когда построят и что там появится](https://dvizhenie.ru/media/5607/novyj-tashkent?ysclid=mnyg7ngr4c370008650)" \[New Tashkent – a city without the mistakes of the past: when will it be built and what will appear there?\]. *dvizhenie.ru*. 75\. "["KAFFAL ASH-SHOSHI MAQBARASI"](https://legacy.uz/znakomstvo-s-mavzoleem-al-kaffal-ash-shashi/)". *legacy.uz*. 76\. "[Toshkentning asosiy ziyorat obyektlari bo'ylab sayyohlik marshruti](https://uzbekistan.travel/uz/o/toshkentning-asosiy-ziyorat-obyektlari-boylab-sayyohlik-marshruti/)" \[Tourist route along the main sightseeing spots of Tashkent\]. *uzbekistan.travel*. 77\. "[МА МАВЗОЛЕЙ АБУБЕКРА КАФФАЛЯ АШ-ШАШИ](https://www.centralasia-travel.com/ru/countries/uzbekistan/places/tashkent/kaffal-shashi)". *www.centralasia-travel.com*. 78\. Smele, Jonathan D. (20 November 2015). "[Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916–1926](https://books.google.com/books?id=QwquCgAAQBAJ&q=osipov+tashkent&pg=PA58)". [Rowman & Littlefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_&_Littlefield). 79\. "[Inside Uzbekistan's beautiful, rarely-seen metro](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/asia/uzbekistan/pictures-tashkent-metro-underground/)". *National Geographic*. 2 October 2018. 80\. "[Tashkent's central park is history](http://www.uznews.net/news_single.php?lng=en&sub=&cid=8&nid=12165)". *www.uznews.net*. 81\. "[Ferghana.ru, МИД России указал послу Узбекистана на обеспокоенность «Наших»](http://www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=13819&mode=snews)" \[Ferghana.ru, The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed concern to the Ambassador of Uzbekistan about "Nashikh" (likely referring to a group or issue named "Our People").\]. *www.ferghana.ru*. 82\. "[In 2025, more than 286 million passengers were transported by the metro](https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/66658-2025-jilda-metropoliten-or-ali-286-milliondan-zijod-j-lovchi-tashilgan-4)". *stat.uz*. 83\. "[Encouraging the regional cooperation for the utilization of transport big data from smart transport systems](https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/Uzbekistan_0.pdf)". *[UNESCAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCAP)*. 2022. 84\. Sick\_Spiny. "[Ташкент прощается с троллейбусом. Комментарии : LiveInternet - Российский Сервис Онлайн-Дневников](http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/sick_spiny/post125684417)". *www.liveinternet.ru*. 85\. Горячкин, Павел (2025-01-15). "[Пассажиропоток аэропортов Узбекистана вырос на 30% - Kursiv Media Узбекистан](https://uz.kursiv.media/2025-01-15/passazhiropotok-aeroportov-uzbekistana-vyros-na-30/)". *Kursiv Media Узбекистан - Kursiv Media Узбекистан – Деловой портал. Новости экономики и политики, бизнеса и финансов в Республике Узбекистан. Прогнозы и аналитика финансового мира.*. 86\. "[O'zbekiston Temir Yo'llari](https://eticket.railway.uz/en/pages/schedule)". *eticket.railway.uz*. 87\. *Usbekistan: Entlang der Seidenstraße nach Samarkand, Buchara und Chiwa* ISBN 978-3-89794-390-2 p. 111 88\. "[В Ташкенте открылся новый ТРЦ Compass](https://uznews.uz/posts/22949)" \[A new shopping mall, Compass, has opened in Tashkent.\]. *uznews.uz*. 89\. "[Bird of Happiness – a symbol of the HC HUMO](http://uihf.uz/news#tab115)". 22 July 2019. 90\. "[Uzbekistan eyes to join International Ice Hockey Federation](https://kun.uz/en/news/2019/02/15/uzbekistan-eyes-to-join-international-ice-hockey-federation)". 15 February 2019. 91\. Zyryanov, Konstantin (2021-05-12). "[vn138](https://vn138.ws/)". *vn138.ws*. 92\. "[Sports-reference.com](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ko/michael-kolganov-1.html)". Sports-reference.com. 24 October 1974. 93\. "[Results By Events Old BW](https://iwf.sport/results/results-by-events/results-by-events-old-bw/?event_id=362)". 94\. "[IWF World Championships](https://iwf.sport/event/iwf-world-championships/)". *iwf.sport*. 21 November 2021. 95\. "[Махмудова Наима Махмудовна](https://arboblar.uz/ru/people/makhmudova-naima-makhmudovna)" \[Mahmudova Naima Mahmudovna\]. *Arboblar.uz*. 96\. "[Ну, здравствуй, брат! Города-побратимы Ташкента](http://vot.uz/article/2015/11/10/neobratimi%D0%B5-pobratimi)" \[Hello, brother! Twin cities of Tashkent\]. *vot.uz*. The Voice of Tashkent. 2015-11-10. 97\. "[Ankaranın Kardeş Şehirleri](https://www.ankara.bel.tr/genel-sekreter/genel-sekreter-yardimcisi-faruk-cinki/dis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi/ankaranin-kardes-sehirleri/)". *ankara.bel.tr*. Ankara. 98\. "[Kostroma is looking for a twin city in Turkmenistan](https://orient.tm/en/kostroma-is-looking-for-a-twin-city-in-turkmenistan/)". *orient.tm*. Orient. 2020-07-15. 99\. "[Международный авторитет Астаны повышают города-побратимы](https://www.inform.kz/ru/mezhdunarodnyy-avtoritet-astany-povyshayut-goroda-pobratimy_a2927628)". *inform.kz*. KazInform. 2016-07-06. 100\. "[Brotherhood & Friendship Agreements](http://www.cairo.gov.eg/en/Pages/agreements.aspx)". *cairo.gov.eg*. Cairo. 101\. Long, Priscilla (September 12, 1988). "[Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988.](https://historylink.org/File/3595)". *HistoryLink.org*. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/page/2/) **3** - ← previous: [page 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tashkent/page/2/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)