--- title: Tbilisi — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Tbilisi», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Tbilisi (/təbɪˈliːsi,_təˈbɪlɪsi/ tə-bil-EE-see-,_-tə) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura River. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Tbilisi # Tbilisi · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Tbilisi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/page/3/) ### Soviet rule In 1921, the [Democratic Republic of Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia) was [occupied](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia) by the Soviet [Bolshevik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsheviks) forces from Russia, and until 1936, Tbilisi functioned first as the capital city of the [Transcaucasian SFSR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic) (which included Armenia, [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) [corpus](../../../Azerbaijan/ "in our corpus"), and Georgia), and afterward until 1991 as the capital of the [Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic).[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") During Soviet rule, Tbilisi's population grew significantly, the city became more industrialized, and it also came to be an important political, social, and cultural centre of the Soviet Union.[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1980, the city hosted the first state-sanctioned [rock festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Rock_Festival_%281980%29) in the USSR.[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") As a major tourist destination for both Soviet citizens and foreign visitors, Tbilisi's "Old Town" (the neighborhoods within the original city walls) was reconstructed in the 1970s and 1980s.[\[50\]](../../page/3/#ref-50 "note 50")[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") Tbilisi witnessed mass anti-Russian demonstrations during 1956 in the [9 March Massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Georgian_demonstrations), in protest against the anti-Stalin policies of [Nikita Khrushchev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev).[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") [Peaceful protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Georgian_demonstrations) occurred in 1978, and in 1989 the [April 9 tragedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_9_tragedy) was a peaceful protest that turned violent.[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Post-independence Since the [break-up of the Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281982–91%29), Tbilisi has experienced periods of significant instability and turmoil.[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") After a brief civil war, which the city endured for two weeks from December 1991 to January 1992 (when pro-[Gamsakhurdia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia) and Opposition forces clashed), Tbilisi became the scene of frequent armed confrontations among various [mafia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_mafia) clans and illegal business operators.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") During the [Shevardnadze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze) Era (1992–2003), crime and corruption were rampant.[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") Many segments of society became impoverished because of unemployment caused by the crumbling economy.[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") Average citizens of Tbilisi started to become increasingly disillusioned with the existing quality of life in the city (and in the nation in general).[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") Mass protests took place in November 2003 after falsified parliamentary elections forced more than 100,000 people into the streets and concluded with the [Rose Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution).[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2003, Tbilisi has experienced considerably more stability with decreasing crime rates, an improved economy, and a real estate boom.[\[51\]](../../page/3/#ref-51 "note 51")[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") During the [2008 South Ossetia war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War), the Tbilisi area was hit by multiple Russian air attacks.[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") After the war, several large-scale projects were started, including a streetcar system,[\[52\]](../../page/3/#ref-52 "note 52") a railway bypass and a relocation of the [central station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_railway_station),[\[53\]](../../page/3/#ref-53 "note 53") and new urban highways.[\[54\]](../../page/3/#ref-54 "note 54")[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") In June 2015, [a flood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Tbilisi_flood) killed at least twenty people and caused animals from the [city's zoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Zoo) to be released into the streets.[\[55\]](../../page/3/#ref-55 "note 55")[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Politics and administration See also: [List of mayors of Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Tbilisi), [Tbilisi City Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_City_Assembly) The status of Tbilisi, as the nation's capital, is defined by Article 10 of the [Constitution of Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_%28country%29) (1995) and the Law on Georgia's Capital – Tbilisi (20 February 1998).[\[56\]](../../page/3/#ref-56 "note 56")[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") Tbilisi is governed by the [Tbilisi City Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_City_Assembly) (Sakrebulo) and the [Tbilisi City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_City_Hall) (Meria).[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") The City Assembly and mayor are elected once every four years by direct elections.[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Mayor of Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Tbilisi) is [Kakha Kaladze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakha_Kaladze) and the Chairman of the Tbilisi city Assembly is Giorgi Alibegashvili.[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") Administratively, the city is divided into [raions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raion) (districts), which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs.[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") This subdivision was established under Soviet rule in the 1930s, following the general [subdivision of the Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Soviet_Union).[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") After Georgia regained independence, the raion system was modified and reshuffled.[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the latest revision, Tbilisi raions include:[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mtatsminda District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtatsminda_District), including neighborhoods: [Mtatsminda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtatsminda_%28Neighborhood%29), [Sololaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sololaki), [Vera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera,_Tbilisi), [Kiketi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiketi), [Kojori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojori), [Shindisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shindisi,_Tbilisi), [Tsavkisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavkisi), [Tabakhmela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabakhmela), [Okrokana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okrokana)[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Vake District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vake_District), including neighborhoods: [Vake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vake,_Tbilisi), [Bagebi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagebi), Upper [Saburtalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saburtalo_%28Neighborhood%29), [Nutsubidze Plateau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutsubidze_Plateau), [Tskneti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tskneti)[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Saburtalo District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saburtalo_District), including neighborhoods: Lower [Saburtalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saburtalo_%28Neighborhood%29), [Vedzisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedzisi), [Lisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisi_Settlement), [Vashlijvari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vashlijvari), [Didi Dighomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didi_Dighomi), [Patara Dighomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patara_Dighomi), [Zurgovana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurgovana)[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Krtsanisi District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krtsanisi_District), including neighborhoods: [Krtsanisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krtsanisi_%28neighborhood%29), [Abanotubani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abanotubani), [Kala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala,_Tbilisi), [Ortachala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortachala), [Ponichala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponichala)[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Isani District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isani_District), including neighborhoods: [Avlabari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avlabari), [Isani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isani_District), [Navtlughi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navtlughi), [Metromsheni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metromsheni), [Vazisubani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazisubani,_Tbilisi), [Elia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elia,_Tbilisi)[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Samgori District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samgori_District), including neighborhoods: [Varketili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varketili), [Orkhevi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkhevi_%28settlement_in_Tbilisi%29), [Dampalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampalo), [Lilo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo,_Tbilisi), [Airport Settlement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_Settlement,_Tbilisi), [Navtlughi-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navtlughi-2), [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa,_Tbilisi), [Zeemka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeemka)[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Chughureti District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chughureti_District), including neighborhoods: [Chughureti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chughureti), [Ivertubani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivertubani), [Kukia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukia,_Tbilisi), [Svanetisubani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svanetisubani)[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Didube District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didube_District), including neighborhoods: [Didube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didube,_Tbilisi), [Dighomi Massive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dighomi_Massive)[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nadzaladevi District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzaladevi_District), including neighborhoods: [Nadzaladevi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzaladevi), [Sanzona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanzona), [Temka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temka), [Lotkini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotkini)[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gldani District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gldani_District), including neighborhoods: [Gldani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gldani_Massive), [Avchala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avchala), [Mukhiani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhiani), [Gldanula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gldanula), [Zahesi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahesi)[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") - District Name; Population (2017)[\[57\]](../../page/3/#ref-57 "note 57"); Area ( Km2)[\[58\]](../../page/3/#ref-58 "note 58")[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mtatsminda District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtatsminda_District); 49,052; 73[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Vake District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vake_District); 111,903; 61.7[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Saburtalo District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saburtalo_District); 138,493; 75.5[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Krtsanisi District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krtsanisi_District); 39,286; 31.7[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Isani District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isani_District); 125,610; 16.7[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Samgori District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samgori_District); 177,844; 128.4[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Chughureti District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chughureti_District); 65,230; 14.3[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Didube District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didube_District); 70,018; 8.4[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nadzaladevi District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzaladevi_District); 154,067; 42[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gldani District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gldani_District); 177,214; 50.3[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") - 1,108,717; 502[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") - Source: [Geostat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Statistics_Office_of_Georgia),[\[57\]](../../page/3/#ref-57 "note 57") [Tbilisi City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_City_Hall)[\[58\]](../../page/3/#ref-58 "note 58")[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the raions are named after historic quarters of the city.[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") The citizens of Tbilisi widely recognize an informal system of smaller historic neighborhoods.[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") Such neighborhoods are several, however, constituting a kind of hierarchy, because most of them have lost their distinctive topographic limits.[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the right and left banks of the Mtkvari river.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") The names of the oldest neighborhoods go back to the early Middle Ages and sometimes pose a great linguistic interest.[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") The newest whole-built developments bear chiefly residential marketing names.[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") In 19th-century Tbilisi, the Georgian quarter was confined to the southeastern part of the city; Baedeker describes the layout succinctly:[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") In the north part of the town, on the left bank of the Kurá and to the south of the railway station, stretches the clean German Quarter, formerly occupied by German immigrants from Württemberg (1818).[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") To the south is the Gruzinian or Georgian Quarter (Avlabár).[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") On the right bank of the Kurá is the Russian Quarter, the seat of the officials and of the larger business firms.[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") This is adjoined on the south by the Armenian and Persian Bazaars. — Karl Baedeker, Russia: A Handbook for Travelers[\[59\]](../../page/3/#ref-59 "note 59")[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography ### Location Tbilisi is located in the [South Caucasus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasia) at 41° 43' North and 44° 47' East.[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") The city lies in [Eastern Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Georgia_%28country%29) on both banks of the [Kura River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura_%28Caspian_Sea%29) (locally known as Mtkvari).[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") The elevation of the city ranges from 380-770 m and has the shape of an amphitheatre surrounded by mountains on three sides.[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") To the north, Tbilisi is bounded by the [Saguramo Range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saguramo_Range), to the east and south-east by the [Iori Plain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iori_Plain), to the south and west by various endings (subranges) of the [Trialeti Range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trialeti_Range).[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") The relief of Tbilisi is complex.[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") The part of the city which lies on the left bank of the Kura River extends for more than 30 km from the [Avchala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avchala) District to River Lochini.[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") The part of the city which lies on the right side of the river, though, is built along the foothills of the [Trialeti Range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trialeti_Range), the slopes of which in many cases descend all the way to the edges of the river.[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") The mountains, therefore, are a significant barrier to urban development on its right bank.[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") This type of a geographic environment creates pockets of very densely developed areas, while other parts of the city are left undeveloped due to the complex topographic relief.[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") To the north of the city, a large reservoir (commonly known as the Tbilisi Sea) is fed by irrigation canals.[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Climate Tbilisi has a [humid temperate climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_temperate_climate) ([Köppen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification): [Cfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate), [Trewartha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification): [Do](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climate)) with considerable [continental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate) and [semi-arid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-arid_climate) influences.[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") The city experiences hot, humid summers and moderately cold dry winters.[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") Like most other regions of Eastern Georgia, Tbilisi's precipitation maximum occurs in late spring and early summer, with a winter minimum in precipitation and a drought-like nadir in late summer.[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's climate is influenced both by dry (Central Asian/Siberian) air masses from the east and [oceanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climate) (Atlantic/Black Sea) air masses from the west.[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") Because the city is bounded on most sides by mountain ranges, the close proximity to large bodies of water (Black and [Caspian Seas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea)) and the fact that the Greater [Caucasus Mountains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains) Range (further to the north) blocks the intrusion of cold air masses from Russia, Tbilisi has a relatively mild [microclimate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microclimate) compared to other cities that possess a similar climate along the same latitudes.[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") The average annual temperature in Tbilisi is 13.8 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 2.7 °C. July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 25.4 °C. Daytime high temperatures reach or exceed 32 °C on an average of 22 days during a typical year.[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") The absolute minimum recorded temperature is -24.4 °C in January 1883 and the absolute maximum is 42.0 °C on 17 July 1882.[\[60\]](../../page/3/#ref-60 "note 60")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") Lying in the partial [rain shadow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_shadow) of the [Trialeti Range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trialeti_Range) and the [Abul-Samsari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul-Samsari_Range) and [Likhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likhi_Range) Ranges farther to the west, Tbilisi receives about half the precipitation of [Western Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Georgia).[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") The historical average annual precipitation of Tbilisi from 1961-1990 is 632 mm.[\[61\]](../../page/3/#ref-61 "note 61")[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") The average annual precipitation for the most recent period ranging from 2000-2024 was 673 mm.[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") May is the wettest month (averaging 84.0 mm of precipitation) while January is the driest (averaging 16.4 mm of precipitation).[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") Snow falls on average 15–25 days per year.[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") Maximum snow depth in the city center never exceeds 40 cm, although snow depths in the adjacent foothills and suburbs can surpass 70 cm.[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") The surrounding mountains often trap the clouds within and around the city, mainly during the Spring and Autumn months, resulting in prolonged rainy and/or cloudy weather.[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") Northwesterly winds dominate in most parts of Tbilisi throughout the year.[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") Southeasterly winds are common as well.[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Demographics See also: [Armenians in Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi), [Tbilisoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisoba) Main ethnic groups of Tbilisi[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") | Year | Georgians | % | Armenians | % | Russians | % | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1780[\[62\]](../../page/3/#ref-62 "note 62") | 50,000 | 66.7% | 10,000 | 13.3% | | | 75,000 | | 1790[\[63\]](../../page/3/#ref-63 "note 63") | 44,000 | 61.1% | 12,000 | 16.7% | | | 72,000 | | 1801–1803 | 4,300 | 21.5% | 14,860 | 74.3% | | | 20,000 | | 1864/65 winter[\[64\]](../../page/3/#ref-64 "note 64") | 14,878 | 24.8% | 28,404 | 47.3% | 12,462 | 20.7% | 60,085 | | 1864/65 summer[\[64\]](../../page/3/#ref-64 "note 64") | 14,787 | 20.8% | 31,180 | 43.9% | 12,142 | 17.1% | 71,051 | | 1876[\[65\]](../../page/3/#ref-65 "note 65") | 22,156 | 21.3% | 37,610 | 36.1% | 30,813 | 29.6% | 104,024 | | Year | Kartvelian speakers[\[66\]](../../page/3/#ref-66 "note 66") | % | Armenian speakers[\[67\]](../../page/3/#ref-67 "note 67") | % | Russian speakers | % | Total population | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1897 | 42,206[\[68\]](../../page/3/#ref-68 "note 68") | 26.4% | 47,133[\[69\]](../../page/3/#ref-69 "note 69") | 29.5% | 44,823 | 28.1% | 159,590 | | 1916[\[70\]](../../page/3/#ref-70 "note 70") | 37,584 | 10.8% | 149,294 | 43.1% | 91,997 | 26.5% | 346,766 | | 1926[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42") | 112,014 | 38.1% | 100,148 | 34.1% | 45,937 | 15.6% | 294,044 | | 1939[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42") | 228,394 | 44% | 137,331 | 26.4% | 93,337 | 18% | 519,220 | | 1959[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42") | 336,257 | 48.4% | 149,258 | 21.5% | 125,674 | 18.1% | 694,664 | | 1970[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42") | 511,379 | 57.5% | 150,205 | 16.9% | 124,316 | 14% | 889,020 | | 1979[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42") | 653,242 | 62.1% | 152,767 | 14.5% | 129,122 | 12.3% | 1,052,734 | | 1989[\[71\]](../../page/3/#ref-71 "note 71") | 824,412 | 66.1% | 150,138 | 12.0% | 124,867 | 10.0% | 1,246,936 | | 2002[\[72\]](../../page/3/#ref-72 "note 72") | 910,712 | 84.2% | 82,586 | 7.6% | 32,580 | 3.0% | 1,081,679 | | 2014[\[73\]](../../page/3/#ref-73 "note 73") | 996,804 | 89.9% | 53,409 | 4.8% | 13,350 | 1.2% | 1,108,717 | As a multi[ethnic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic) city, Tbilisi is home to more than 100 ethnic groups.[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") Around 90% of the population consists of ethnic [Georgians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians), with significant populations of [Armenians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi), [Russians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians), and [Azerbaijanis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis).[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") Along with the above-mentioned groups, Tbilisi is home to other ethnic groups including [Ossetians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetians), [Abkhazians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazians), [Ukrainians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainians), [Greeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks), [Jews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews), [Assyrians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_people), [Yazidis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis), and others.[\[41\]](../../page/3/#ref-41 "note 41")[\[42\]](../../page/3/#ref-42 "note 42")[\[64\]](../../page/3/#ref-64 "note 64")[\[65\]](../../page/3/#ref-65 "note 65")[\[72\]](../../page/3/#ref-72 "note 72")[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Religion More than 95% of the residents of Tbilisi practise some form of Christianity, the majority being followers of the [Georgian Orthodox Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church).[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Russian Orthodox Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) and the [Armenian Apostolic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church) also have significant communities in the city.[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") About 1.5% of the population identifies as [Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim), primarily of the [Shia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) branch, while approximately 0.1% practise [Judaism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism).[\[74\]](../../page/3/#ref-74 "note 74")[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is also home to a [Roman Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic) community and a [Yazidi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidism) minority, who worship at the [Sultan Ezid Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ezid_Temple).[\[75\]](../../page/3/#ref-75 "note 75")[\[76\]](../../page/3/#ref-76 "note 76")[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sports The largest stadium is the [Dinamo Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamo_Arena) (capacity 55,000), followed by the [Mikheil Meskhi Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Meskhi_Stadium) (capacity 24,680).[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Palace_%28Tbilisi%29) hosts basketball games and tennis tournaments, with a seating capacity of about 11,000.[181](../../181/ "tree and pragmatics") [Vere Basketball Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere_Basketball_Hall) is a smaller indoor sports arena seating 2,500.[182](../../182/ "tree and pragmatics") [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) is the most popular sport in Tbilisi, followed by [rugby union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union) and [basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball).[\[77\]](../../page/3/#ref-77 "note 77")[183](../../183/ "tree and pragmatics") Other popular sports include [wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling), [tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis), [swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_%28sport%29), and [water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo).[184](../../184/ "tree and pragmatics") Tbilisi has several professional football and rugby teams, as well as wrestling clubs.[185](../../185/ "tree and pragmatics") Two U.S. [National Basketball Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association) players, [Zaza Pachulia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaza_Pachulia) and [Nikoloz Tskitishvili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikoloz_Tskitishvili), are Tbilisi natives.[186](../../186/ "tree and pragmatics") Tbilisi's signature football club, [Dinamo Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Dinamo_Tbilisi), won the [1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980–81_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup), becoming the easternmost team to win a major European football tournament.[187](../../187/ "tree and pragmatics") The basketball club Dinamo Tbilisi also won the [1962 EuroLeague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_1961-62) title.[188](../../188/ "tree and pragmatics") Tbilisi co-hosted Group A matches of the [EuroBasket 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_2022) tournament at the new 10,000-seat Tbilisi Arena, along with Czech Republic (Prague), Germany (Berlin, Cologne), and Italy (Milan).[\[78\]](../../page/3/#ref-78 "note 78")[\[79\]](../../page/3/#ref-79 "note 79")[189](../../189/ "tree and pragmatics") | Club | Sport | Stadium | | --- | --- | --- | | [Lelo Saracens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo_Saracens) | [Rugby Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Union) | Lelo Sport Centre | | [RC Armazi Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_Armazi_Tbilisi) | [Rugby Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Union) | Shevardeni Stadium | | [RC Locomotive Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_Locomotive_Tbilisi) | [Rugby Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Union) | Avchala Stadium | | [RC Army Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_Army_Tbilisi) | [Rugby Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Union) | Avchala Stadium | | [FC Dinamo Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Dinamo_Tbilisi) | [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) | [Boris Paichadze Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Paichadze_Stadium) | | [FC Lokomotivi Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Lokomotivi_Tbilisi) | [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) | [Mikheil Meskhi Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Meskhi_Stadium) | | [FC Saburtalo Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Saburtalo_Tbilisi) | [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) | Bendela Stadium | | [FC WIT Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_WIT_Georgia) | [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) | Mikheil Meskhi Stadium \#2 | | [BC Dinamo Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Dinamo_Tbilisi) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | | [BC TSU Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_TSU_Tbilisi) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | | [BC MIA Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_MIA_Academy) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | | [BC Armia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Armia) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | | [Maccabi Brinkford Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabi_Brinkford_Tbilisi) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | | [B.C. VITA Tbilisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.C._VITA_Tbilisi) | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) | [Tbilisi Sports Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi_Sports_Palace) | [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/page/3/) - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/) - next →: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tbilisi/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)