---
title: After 1995, President Jammeh established diplomatic relations with s… — The Gambia · tree and pragmatics
description: After 1995, President Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya (suspended in 2010), and Cuba. Who acts: Jammeh. A sentence of Wikipedia's «The Gambia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# The Gambia, sentence 196

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From Wikipedia, [«The Gambia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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After 1995, President Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya (suspended in 2010), and Cuba.

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**Who acts:** Jammeh · **What happens:** establish, suspend · **To what, where:** diplomatic relations, Libya, 2010

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «The Gambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jammeh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:The_Gambia:196
# text = After 1995, President Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya (suspended in 2010), and Cuba.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1995	1995	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	Jammeh	Jammeh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	diplomatic	diplomatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	including	including	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Libya	Libya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	2010	2010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Cuba	Cuba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | Jammeh  President | diplomatic relations |  |  | after 1995 | with several additional countries including Libya and Cuba | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent relation=Theme with country=Source |
| 2 | **suspend** | participle |  | Libya and Cuba *not said here* |  | 2010 |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2010=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «The Gambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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