---
title: These colourfully costumed, masked dances (performed mostly by monks… — Thimphu · tree and pragmatics
description: These colourfully costumed, masked dances (performed mostly by monks) typically are moral vignettes, or based on incidents from the life of the 9th century Nyingmapa teacher Padmasambhava and other saints. Who acts: costumed masked dances. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Thimphu» with its dependency tree
---

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# Thimphu, sentence 381

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From Wikipedia, [«Thimphu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thimphu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These colourfully costumed, masked dances (performed mostly by monks) typically are moral vignettes, or based on incidents from the life of the 9th century Nyingmapa teacher Padmasambhava and other saints.

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**Who acts:** costumed masked dances · **What happens:** costume, mask, perform, be, base · **To what, where:** costumed masked dances, moral vignettes, incidents

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Thimphu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (costumed masked dances), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Thimphu:381
# text = These colourfully costumed, masked dances (performed mostly by monks) typically are moral vignettes, or based on incidents from the life of the 9th century Nyingmapa teacher Padmasambhava and other saints.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
2	colourfully	colourfully	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	costumed	costume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	masked	mask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	dances	dance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
13	typically	typically	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	vignettes	vignette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	incidents	incident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	9th	9th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
29	Nyingmapa	Nyingmapa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod:desc	_	_
31	Padmasambhava	Padmasambhava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	saints	saint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **costume** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | colourfully *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mask** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **perform** | participle |  | this costumed masked dances *not said here* |  |  |  | by monks; mostly, typically *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | this costumed masked dances | moral vignettes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **base** | participle |  | moral vignettes *not said here* |  | incidents |  | from the life of the 9th century  Padmasambhava  Nyingmapa teacher and other saints | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on incident=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Thimphu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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