---
title: Timor-Leste has a small community of Timorese Indian, specifically o… — Timor-Leste · tree and pragmatics
description: Timor-Leste has a small community of Timorese Indian, specifically of Goan descent, as well as historical immigration from Africa due to these countries having also been Portuguese colonies. Who acts: Timor, countries. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Timor-Leste» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Timor-Leste, sentence 313

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From Wikipedia, [«Timor-Leste»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Timor-Leste has a small community of Timorese Indian, specifically of Goan descent, as well as historical immigration from Africa due to these countries having also been Portuguese colonies.

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**Who acts:** Timor, countries · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** small community, Portuguese colonies

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Timor-Leste». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Timor, countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Timor-Leste:313
# text = Timor-Leste has a small community of Timorese Indian, specifically of Goan descent, as well as historical immigration from Africa due to these countries having also been Portuguese colonies.
1	Timor	Timor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Leste	Leste	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Timorese	Timorese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	specifically	specifically	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Goan	Goan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	descent	descent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	21	cc	_	_
18	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	fixed	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	historical	historical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	27	case	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
28	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	also	also	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
30	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	cop	_	_
31	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Timor | a small community of Timorese |  |  |  | Goan descent *parataxis*; indian *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent community=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | this countries *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | participle |  | Portuguese colonies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Timor-Leste», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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