--- title: Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as me… — Timor-Leste · tree and pragmatics description: Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as media of instruction, while Portuguese has increased: in 2001 only 8.4% of primary school and 6.8% of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6% for primary and 46.3% for seconda --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/358/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Timor-Leste](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/) / 358 # Timor-Leste, sentence 358 From Wikipedia, [«Timor-Leste»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as media of instruction, while Portuguese has increased: in 2001 only 8.4% of primary school and 6.8% of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6% for primary and 46.3% for secondary schools. **Who acts:** Portuguese · **What happens:** lose, increase, attend · **To what, where:** independence, Portuguese medium school, 2001, this This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Timor-Leste». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Timor-Leste:358 # text = Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as media of instruction, while Portuguese has increased: in 2001 only 8.4% of primary school and 6.8% of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6% for primary and 46.3% for secondary schools. 1 Since since ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 independence independence NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 both both CCONJ CC _ 5 cc:preconj _ _ 5 Indonesian indonesian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 Tetum Tetum PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 as as ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 media media NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 instruction instruction NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 while while SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 Portuguese Portuguese PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 increased increase VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 2001 2001 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 36 obl _ _ 23 only only ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 8.4 8.4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 primary primary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 6.8 6.8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 31 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 secondary secondary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 34 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 students student NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 36 attended attend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 38 Portuguese portuguese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 medium medium ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ; ; PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 43 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 2005 2005 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 47 obl _ _ 45 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 47 nsubj:pass _ _ 46 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 47 increased increase VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 parataxis _ _ 48 to to ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 81.6 81.6 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 50 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 51 for for ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 primary primary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 50 nmod _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 54 46.3 46.3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 55 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 55 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 50 conj _ _ 56 for for ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 57 secondary secondary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 amod _ _ 58 schools school NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 59 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive | | independence | | | | as media of instruction; ground *obj* | tree rules | | 2 | **increase** | present · perfect | Portuguese | | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **attend** | past | | a Portuguese medium school | | 2001 | | | vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme school=Goal | | 4 | **increase** | past · perfect · passive | | this | | | | by 2005 | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: subject=Patient by 2005=Extent to %=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Timor-Leste», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 357](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/357/) - next →: [sentence 359](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/359/) - ↑ back to [Timor-Leste](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/)