---
title: These practices reflect historical social structures and practices,… — Timor-Leste · tree and pragmatics
description: These practices reflect historical social structures and practices, where political leaders were regarded as having spiritual powers. Who acts: practices. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Timor-Leste» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Timor-Leste, sentence 375

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From Wikipedia, [«Timor-Leste»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These practices reflect historical social structures and practices, where political leaders were regarded as having spiritual powers.

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**Who acts:** practices · **What happens:** reflect, regard, have · **To what, where:** historical social structures, political leaders, spiritual powers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Timor-Leste». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (practices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Timor-Leste:375
# text = These practices reflect historical social structures and practices, where political leaders were regarded as having spiritual powers.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	practices	practice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	historical	historical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	practices	practice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
11	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | this practices | historical social structures and practices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **regard** | past · passive |  | political leaders |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | spiritual powers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Timor-Leste», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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