---
title: Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate m… — Tirana · tree and pragmatics
description: Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases resulting from rapid growth in the construction of new buildings and expanding road infrastructure. Who acts: source, NO2 gases. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tirana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Tirana, sentence 122

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From Wikipedia, [«Tirana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases resulting from rapid growth in the construction of new buildings and expanding road infrastructure.

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**Who acts:** source, NO2 gases · **What happens:** be, inhale, result, expand, construct · **To what, where:** PM10, rapid growth, road infrastructure, new buildings

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tirana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (source, NO2 gases), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tirana:122
# text = Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases resulting from rapid growth in the construction of new buildings and expanding road infrastructure.
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	PM10	PM10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	PM2.5	PM2.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	inhaled	inhale	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
10	particulate	particulate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	NO2	no2	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	resulting	result	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	_
27	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | another source of pollution | PM10 and PM2.5 |  |  |  | PM2.5 *conj*; inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **inhale** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **result** | gerund | NO2 gases *not said here* |  |  | rapid growth |  | in the construction of new buildings | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in construction=Location |
| 4 | **expand** | gerund | NO2 gases *not said here* | road infrastructure |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent infrastructure=Patient |
| 5 | **construct** |  |  | new buildings |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tirana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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