---
title: Tirana was liberated in 1913 after the Treaty of London which forced… — Tirana · tree and pragmatics
description: Tirana was liberated in 1913 after the Treaty of London which forced the Serbian army to retreat out of Albania's borders. Who acts: Treaty. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tirana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Tirana, sentence 37

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From Wikipedia, [«Tirana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Tirana was liberated in 1913 after the Treaty of London which forced the Serbian army to retreat out of Albania's borders.

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**Who acts:** Treaty · **What happens:** liberate, force, retreat · **To what, where:** Tirana, 1913, Treaty, borders

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tirana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Treaty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tirana:37
# text = Tirana was liberated in 1913 after the Treaty of London which forced the Serbian army to retreat out of Albania's borders.
1	Tirana	Tirana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	liberated	liberate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1913	1913	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Treaty	Treaty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	forced	force	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Serbian	serbian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	retreat	retreat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	Albania	Albania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **liberate** | past · passive |  | Tirana |  | 1913 |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **force** | past |  | the Treaty of London |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; the Serbian army *obj* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent army=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **retreat** | to-infinitive | the Treaty of London *not said here* |  |  | Albania's borders |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out border=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tirana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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