---
title: Electoral observers noted "procedural errors" and technical problems… — Togo · tree and pragmatics
description: Electoral observers noted "procedural errors" and technical problems, and the opposition did not recognise the results, claiming irregularities had affected the outcome. Who acts: Electoral observers, opposition. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Togo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Togo, sentence 110

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From Wikipedia, [«Togo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Electoral observers noted "procedural errors" and technical problems, and the opposition did not recognise the results, claiming irregularities had affected the outcome.

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**Who acts:** Electoral observers, opposition · **What happens:** note, not recognise, claim, affect · **To what, where:** procedural errors, results, irregularities · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Togo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electoral observers, opposition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Togo:110
# text = Electoral observers noted "procedural errors" and technical problems, and the opposition did not recognise the results, claiming irregularities had affected the outcome.
1	Electoral	electoral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	noted	note	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	procedural	procedural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	errors	error	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	recognise	recognise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	claiming	claim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
22	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	ccomp	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	outcome	outcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **note** | past | Electoral observers | procedural errors and technical problems |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent error=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **recognise** | past · do-support | the opposition | the results |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer result=Stimulus |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* | gerund | the opposition *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **affect** | past · perfect · passive |  | irregularities |  |  |  | the outcome *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer outcome=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Togo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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