---
title: In 1884, during the scramble for Africa, Germany established a prote… — Togo · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1884, during the scramble for Africa, Germany established a protectorate in the region called Togoland. Who acts: Germany. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Togo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Togo, sentence 9

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From Wikipedia, [«Togo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1884, during the scramble for Africa, Germany established a protectorate in the region called Togoland.

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**Who acts:** Germany · **What happens:** establish, call · **To what, where:** protectorate, 1884, region · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Togo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germany), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Togo:9
# text = In 1884, during the scramble for Africa, Germany established a protectorate in the region called Togoland.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1884	1884	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scramble	scramble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	Togoland	Togoland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | Germany | a protectorate |  | 1884 during the scramble for Africa |  | in the region | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent protectorate=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the region *not said here* |  |  |  | Togoland *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Togo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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