---
title: Tokyo was greatly damaged by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and by… — Tokyo · tree and pragmatics
description: Tokyo was greatly damaged by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and by Allied bombing raids during World War II. Who acts: 1923 Kantō earthquake. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tokyo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tokyo/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Tokyo](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tokyo/) / 12

# Tokyo, sentence 12

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Tokyo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tokyo was greatly damaged by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and by Allied bombing raids during World War II.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** 1923 Kantō earthquake · **What happens:** damage, ally · **To what, where:** Tokyo

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tokyo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1923 Kantō earthquake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tokyo:12
# text = Tokyo was greatly damaged by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and by Allied bombing raids during World War II.
1	Tokyo	Tokyo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	1923	1923	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
8	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	Kantō	Kantō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	Allied	ally	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
14	bombing	bombing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	raids	raid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
19	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | past · passive | the 1923 Kantō earthquake and Allied bombing raids | Tokyo |  |  | during World War | greatly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **ally** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conspire-71 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tokyo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tokyo/11/)
- next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tokyo/13/)
- ↑ back to [Tokyo](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tokyo/)