---
title: The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616, when the Dutc… — Tonga · tree and pragmatics
description: The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616, when the Dutch vessel Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten, made a short visit to the islands for the purpose of engaging in trade. Who acts: Tongan people, Dutch vessel, purpose. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tonga» with its dependency tree and
---

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# Tonga, sentence 27

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From Wikipedia, [«Tonga»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616, when the Dutch vessel Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten, made a short visit to the islands for the purpose of engaging in trade.

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**Who acts:** Tongan people, Dutch vessel, purpose · **What happens:** encounter, captain, make, engage · **To what, where:** Europeans, 1616, Eendracht, short visit, trade

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tongan people, Dutch vessel, purpose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tonga:27
# text = The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616, when the Dutch vessel Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten, made a short visit to the islands for the purpose of engaging in trade.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Tongan	tongan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	encountered	encounter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1616	1616	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
14	Eendracht	Eendracht	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	captained	captain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Willem	Willem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl:agent	_	_
19	Schouten	Schouten	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
21	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	visit	visit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
31	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
32	engaging	engage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	acl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encounter** | past | the Tongan people | Europeans |  | 1616 |  | first *property* | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer european=Stimulus |
| 2 | **captain** | participle |  | Eendracht *not said here* |  |  |  | Willem *obl:agent* | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | past | the Dutch vessel | a short visit |  |  |  | to the islands; for the purpose | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent visit=Product for purpose=Asset |
| 4 | **engage** | gerund | the purpose *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in trade *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in trade=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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