---
title: The 1918 flu pandemic, brought to Tonga by a ship from New Zealand,… — Tonga · tree and pragmatics
description: The 1918 flu pandemic, brought to Tonga by a ship from New Zealand, killed 1,800 Tongans, a mortality rate of about 8%. Who acts: 1918 flu pandemic. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tonga» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Tonga, sentence 44

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From Wikipedia, [«Tonga»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The 1918 flu pandemic, brought to Tonga by a ship from New Zealand, killed 1,800 Tongans, a mortality rate of about 8%.

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**Who acts:** 1918 flu pandemic · **What happens:** bring, kill · **To what, where:** 1918 flu pandemic, Tonga, 1,800 Tongans

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1918 flu pandemic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tonga:44
# text = The 1918 flu pandemic, brought to Tonga by a ship from New Zealand, killed 1,800 Tongans, a mortality rate of about 8%.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	1918	1918	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Tonga	Tonga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
14	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
16	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	1,800	1,800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	Tongans	Tongan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	mortality	mortality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	about	about	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | participle |  | the 1918 flu pandemic *not said here* | Tonga |  |  | by a ship from New Zealand | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to tonga=Destination |
| 2 | **kill** | past | the 1918 flu pandemic | 1,800 Tongans |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongan=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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