---
title: The name of Tskhinvali is derived from the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali… — Tskhinvali · tree and pragmatics
description: The name of Tskhinvali is derived from the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali (ქრცხინვალი), from earlier Krtskhilvani (ქრცხილვანი), literally meaning "the land of hornbeams", which is the historical name of the city. Who acts: land. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tskhinvali» with its dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Tskhinvali, sentence 4

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From Wikipedia, [«Tskhinvali»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tskhinvali), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The name of Tskhinvali is derived from the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali (ქრცხინვალი), from earlier Krtskhilvani (ქრცხილვანი), literally meaning "the land of hornbeams", which is the historical name of the city.

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**Who acts:** land · **What happens:** derive, mean, be, name · **To what, where:** name, Old Georgian Krtskhinvali, land, historical name, Tskhinvali

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tskhinvali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tskhinvali:4
# text = The name of Tskhinvali is derived from the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali (ქრცხინვალი), from earlier Krtskhilvani (ქრცხილვანი), literally meaning "the land of hornbeams", which is the historical name of the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Tskhinvali	Tskhinvali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	Georgian	georgian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Krtskhinvali	Krtskhinvali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ქრცხინვალი	ქრცხინვალი	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
18	Krtskhilvani	Krtskhilvani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	ქრცხილვანი	ქრცხილვანი	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	hornbeams	hornbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	historical	historical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present · passive |  | the name of Tskhinvali |  | the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali |  | earlier Krtskhilvani *parataxis* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from krtskhinvali=Material |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund |  | the land of hornbeams and the historical name |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the land of hornbeams and the historical name | the historical name |  |  |  | of the city | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  |  | Tskhinvali |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tskhinvali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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