---
title: Both the town and Carthage were destroyed; the former, however, was… — Tunis · tree and pragmatics
description: Both the town and Carthage were destroyed; the former, however, was rebuilt first under the rule of Augustus and became an important town under Roman control and the center of a booming agricultural industry. Who acts: Augustus. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tunis» with its dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Tunis, sentence 31

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From Wikipedia, [«Tunis»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunis), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Both the town and Carthage were destroyed; the former, however, was rebuilt first under the rule of Augustus and became an important town under Roman control and the center of a booming agricultural industry.

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**Who acts:** Augustus · **What happens:** destroy, rebuild, become, boom, rule · **To what, where:** town, rule, important town

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tunis». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Augustus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tunis:31
# text = Both the town and Carthage were destroyed; the former, however, was rebuilt first under the rule of Augustus and became an important town under Roman control and the center of a booming agricultural industry.
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc:preconj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	however	however	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	rebuilt	rebuild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	parataxis	_	_
16	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	advmod	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Augustus	Augustus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	_
27	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	booming	boom	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	amod	_	_
36	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive |  | the town and Carthage |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **rebuild** | past · passive |  |  |  | the rule of Augustus |  | first, however *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP» |
| 3 | **become** | past |  | a important town under Roman control and the center of a booming agricultural industry |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **boom** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **rule** |  | Augustus |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tunis», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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