---
title: This city has a high density of traffic because vehicle ownership is… — Tunis · tree and pragmatics
description: This city has a high density of traffic because vehicle ownership is rising at 7.5% per year. Who acts: city, vehicle ownership. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tunis» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Tunis, sentence 442

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From Wikipedia, [«Tunis»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunis), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This city has a high density of traffic because vehicle ownership is rising at 7.5% per year.

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**Who acts:** city, vehicle ownership · **What happens:** have, rise · **To what, where:** high density, traffic

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tunis». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, vehicle ownership), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tunis:442
# text = This city has a high density of traffic because vehicle ownership is rising at 7.5% per year.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	density	density	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	7.5	7.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	per	per	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this city | a high density of traffic |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent density=Patient |
| 2 | **rise** | present · progressive | vehicle ownership | traffic *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location traffic=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tunis», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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