---
title: Around the 1st century BC, Rome expanded into parts of Pontus and Bi… — Turkey · tree and pragmatics
description: Around the 1st century BC, Rome expanded into parts of Pontus and Bithynia, while turning rest of Anatolian states into Roman satellites. Who acts: Rome. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Turkey» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Turkey, sentence 104

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From Wikipedia, [«Turkey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Around the 1st century BC, Rome expanded into parts of Pontus and Bithynia, while turning rest of Anatolian states into Roman satellites.

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**Who acts:** Rome · **What happens:** expand, turn · **To what, where:** parts, rest, Roman satellites

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Turkey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rome), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Turkey:104
# text = Around the 1st century BC, Rome expanded into parts of Pontus and Bithynia, while turning rest of Anatolian states into Roman satellites.
1	Around	around	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	1st	1st	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	expanded	expand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Pontus	Pontus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Bithynia	Bithynia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
18	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Anatolian	Anatolian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	satellites	satellite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expand** | past | Rome |  |  | parts of Pontus and Bithynia | century |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | gerund | Rome *not said here* | rest of Anatolian states |  | Roman satellites |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent rest=Theme into satellite=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Turkey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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