---
title: Following independence in 1991, Soviet-era collective- and state far… — Turkmenistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Following independence in 1991, Soviet-era collective- and state farms were converted to "farmers associations" (daýhan birleşigi). Who acts: state farms. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Turkmenistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Turkmenistan, sentence 274

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From Wikipedia, [«Turkmenistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Following independence in 1991, Soviet-era collective- and state farms were converted to "farmers associations" (daýhan birleşigi).

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**Who acts:** state farms · **What happens:** follow, be · **To what, where:** Following independence

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Turkmenistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (state farms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Turkmenistan:274
# text = Following independence in 1991, Soviet-era collective- and state farms were converted to "farmers associations" (daýhan birleşigi).
1	Following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1991	1991	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	collective	collective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	converted	converted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	xcomp	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	compound	_	_
19	associations	association	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	daýhan	daýhan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	birleşigi	birleşigi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | state farms |  |  |  |  | converted *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Turkmenistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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