---
title: A possible explanation for the fire is that a Soviet drilling operat… — Turkmenistan · tree and pragmatics
description: A possible explanation for the fire is that a Soviet drilling operation in 1971 caused it; however, in 2013 Canadian explorer George Kourounis examined the crater and believed that no one actually knew how it started. Who acts: possible explanation, George, one, explanation. A sentence of Wikipedia'
---

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# Turkmenistan, sentence 290

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From Wikipedia, [«Turkmenistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A possible explanation for the fire is that a Soviet drilling operation in 1971 caused it; however, in 2013 Canadian explorer George Kourounis examined the crater and believed that no one actually knew how it started.

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**Who acts:** possible explanation, George, one, explanation · **What happens:** drill, be, examine, believe, know, start · **To what, where:** crater · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Turkmenistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (possible explanation, George, one, explanation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Turkmenistan:290
# text = A possible explanation for the fire is that a Soviet drilling operation in 1971 caused it; however, in 2013 Canadian explorer George Kourounis examined the crater and believed that no one actually knew how it started.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	drilling	drill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1971	1971	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
18	however	however	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	2013	2013	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
22	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	explorer	explorer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
24	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	Kourounis	Kourounis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
26	examined	examine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
32	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
33	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	ccomp	_	_
36	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	38	advmod	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | a possible explanation for the fire |  |  |  |  | a Soviet drilling operation in 1971 *nsubj*; operation *obj*; cause *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **examine** | past | George in 2013 Canadian explorer | the crater |  |  |  | however *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Theme |
| 4 | **believe** | past | George in 2013 Canadian explorer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **know** | past | no one |  |  |  |  | actually *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **start** | past | explanation |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Turkmenistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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