---
title: Smaller minorities include Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (nativ… — Turkmenistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Smaller minorities include Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to the Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns. Who acts: Smaller minorities. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Turkmenistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Turkmenistan, sentence 338

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From Wikipedia, [«Turkmenistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Smaller minorities include Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to the Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns.

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**Who acts:** Smaller minorities · **What happens:** include · **To what, where:** Kazakhs

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Turkmenistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smaller minorities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Turkmenistan:338
# text = Smaller minorities include Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to the Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns.
1	Smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	minorities	minority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Kazakhs	kazakh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Tatars	tatar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Kurds	Kurd	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	Kopet	Kopet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	Dagh	Dagh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
17	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Armenians	Armenian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Azeris	Azeris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Balochs	Balochs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Pashtuns	Pashtun	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Smaller minorities | Kazakhs  Ukrainians and Kurds and Armenians and Azeris and Balochs and Pashtuns and Tatars |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kazakh=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Turkmenistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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