---
title: Tuvalu maintains close relations with Fiji, New Zealand, Australia (… — Tuvalu · tree and pragmatics
description: Tuvalu maintains close relations with Fiji, New Zealand, Australia (which has maintained a High Commission in Tuvalu since 2018), Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the European Union. Who acts: Tuvalu. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tuvalu» with its depende
---

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# Tuvalu, sentence 277

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From Wikipedia, [«Tuvalu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Tuvalu maintains close relations with Fiji, New Zealand, Australia (which has maintained a High Commission in Tuvalu since 2018), Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the European Union.

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**Who acts:** Tuvalu · **What happens:** maintain · **To what, where:** close relations, Australia

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tuvalu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tuvalu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tuvalu:277
# text = Tuvalu maintains close relations with Fiji, New Zealand, Australia (which has maintained a High Commission in Tuvalu since 2018), Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the European Union.
1	Tuvalu	tuvalu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	maintains	maintain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Fiji	Fiji	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Commission	commission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Tuvalu	Tuvalu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	since	since	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	40	flat	_	_
40	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	European	European	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | present | Tuvalu | close relations |  |  |  | with Fiji and Australia and Japan and South Korea and Taiwan and the United Kingdom and the European Union | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent relation=Theme |
| 2 | **maintain** | present · perfect · passive |  | Australia |  |  | since 2018 | a High Commission *obj* | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme commission=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tuvalu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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