---
title: The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the n… — Tuvalu · tree and pragmatics
description: The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from pouka (Hernandia peltata); ngia or ingia bush (Pemphis acidula); miro (Thespesia populnea); Tonga (Rhizophora mucronata); fau or fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus). Wh
---

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# Tuvalu, sentence 396

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From Wikipedia, [«Tuvalu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from pouka (Hernandia peltata); ngia or ingia bush (Pemphis acidula); miro (Thespesia populnea); Tonga (Rhizophora mucronata); fau or fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus).

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**Who acts:** traditional buildings · **What happens:** use, include · **To what, where:** plants, native broadleaf forest

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tuvalu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traditional buildings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tuvalu:396
# text = The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from pouka (Hernandia peltata); ngia or ingia bush (Pemphis acidula); miro (Thespesia populnea); Tonga (Rhizophora mucronata); fau or fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Tuvalu	Tuvalu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	broadleaf	broadleaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	case	_	_
17	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	pouka	pouka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	17	nmod	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Hernandia	Hernandia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	peltata	peltata	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	ngia	ngia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	ingia	ingia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Pemphis	Pemphis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	acidula	acidula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	miro	miro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
35	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	Thespesia	Thespesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	populnea	populnea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	Tonga	Tonga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
41	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	Rhizophora	Rhizophora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	appos	_	_
43	mucronata	mucronata	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	fau	fau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
47	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
48	fo	for	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	49	case	_	_
49	fafini	fafini	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
51	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
52	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	's	's	PART	POS	_	52	case	_	_
54	fibre	fibre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	compound	_	_
55	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
56	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	Hibiscus	Hibiscus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	tiliaceus	tiliaceus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the traditional buildings of Tuvalu | plants and trees |  | the native broadleaf forest and timber from pouka and ngia or ingia bush |  | miro  Tonga and fau *parataxis* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |
| 2 | **include** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tuvalu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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