---
title: Longitude could be reckoned only crudely at the time, as accurate ch… — Tuvalu · tree and pragmatics
description: Longitude could be reckoned only crudely at the time, as accurate chronometers did not become available until the late 18th century. Who acts: accurate chronometers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Tuvalu» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Tuvalu, sentence 40

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From Wikipedia, [«Tuvalu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Longitude could be reckoned only crudely at the time, as accurate chronometers did not become available until the late 18th century.

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**Who acts:** accurate chronometers · **What happens:** reckon, not become · **To what, where:** Longitude

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tuvalu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (accurate chronometers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Tuvalu:40
# text = Longitude could be reckoned only crudely at the time, as accurate chronometers did not become available until the late 18th century.
1	Longitude	longitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reckoned	reckon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	crudely	crudely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	chronometers	chronometer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
17	available	available	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	until	until	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	18th	18th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	22	amod	_	_
22	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | could · passive |  | Longitude |  |  | time | crudely *property* | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **become** | past · do-support | accurate chronometers |  |  |  |  | available *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Tuvalu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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