---
title: There is no consensus among scholars whether Rusyn, also spoken in Z… — Ukraine · tree and pragmatics
description: There is no consensus among scholars whether Rusyn, also spoken in Zakarpattia, is a distinct language or a dialect of Ukrainian. Who acts: consensus, Rusyn. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ukraine» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/406/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Ukraine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/) / 406

# Ukraine, sentence 406

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Ukraine»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no consensus among scholars whether Rusyn, also spoken in Zakarpattia, is a distinct language or a dialect of Ukrainian.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** consensus, Rusyn · **What happens:** be, speak · **To what, where:** Rusyn, Zakarpattia, distinct language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ukraine». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (consensus, Rusyn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ukraine:406
# text = There is no consensus among scholars whether Rusyn, also spoken in Zakarpattia, is a distinct language or a dialect of Ukrainian.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	consensus	consensus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
8	Rusyn	Rusyn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Zakarpattia	Zakarpattia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no consensus among scholars |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | Rusyn *not said here* |  | Zakarpattia |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Rusyn | a distinct language or a dialect of Ukrainian |  |  |  | a dialect of Ukrainian *conj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 405](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/405/)
- next →: [sentence 407](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/407/)
- ↑ back to [Ukraine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/)