---
title: From the 6th century BC, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine colonies were e… — Ukraine · tree and pragmatics
description: From the 6th century BC, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine colonies were established on the north-eastern shore of the Black Sea, such as at Tyras, Olbia, and Chersonesus. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ukraine» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ukraine, sentence 43

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From Wikipedia, [«Ukraine»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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From the 6th century BC, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine colonies were established on the north-eastern shore of the Black Sea, such as at Tyras, Olbia, and Chersonesus.

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**What happens:** establish · **To what, where:** Byzantine colonies, eastern shore

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ukraine». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ukraine:43
# text = From the 6th century BC, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine colonies were established on the north-eastern shore of the Black Sea, such as at Tyras, Olbia, and Chersonesus.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	6th	6th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	Byzantine	byzantine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Black	Black	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Tyras	Tyras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	Olbia	Olbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	Chersonesus	Chersonesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | Byzantine colonies |  | the eastern shore of the Black Sea |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on shore=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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