---
title: The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the British economy, ca… — United Kingdom · tree and pragmatics
description: The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the British economy, caused major disruptions to education and had far-reaching impacts on society and politics in 2020 and 2021. Who acts: COVID pandemic. A sentence of Wikipedia's «United Kingdom» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# United Kingdom, sentence 152

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From Wikipedia, [«United Kingdom»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the British economy, caused major disruptions to education and had far-reaching impacts on society and politics in 2020 and 2021.

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**Who acts:** COVID pandemic · **What happens:** have, cause, reach · **To what, where:** severe impact, British economy, major disruptions, reaching impacts, society

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United Kingdom». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (COVID pandemic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:United_Kingdom:152
# text = The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the British economy, caused major disruptions to education and had far-reaching impacts on society and politics in 2020 and 2021.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
5	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	impact	impact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	disruptions	disruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
22	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	reaching	reach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	amod	_	_
25	impacts	impact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	society	society	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	25	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	2021	2021	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the COVID pandemic | a severe impact |  | the British economy |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impact=Patient |
| 2 | **cause** | past |  | major disruptions |  |  |  | to education | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disruption=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | past |  | reaching impacts and politics |  | society |  | in 2020 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impact=Patient |
| 4 | **reach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «United Kingdom», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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