---
title: The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of E… — United Kingdom · tree and pragmatics
description: The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal cases. Who acts: Senior Courts. A sentence of Wikipedia's «United Kingdom» with its dependency tree and 
---

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# United Kingdom, sentence 299

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From Wikipedia, [«United Kingdom»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal cases.

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**Who acts:** Senior Courts · **What happens:** head, consist · **To what, where:** courts

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United Kingdom». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Senior Courts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:United_Kingdom:299
# text = The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal cases.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	headed	head	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Senior	senior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Courts	Court	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Appeal	Appeal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Justice	Justice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Crown	Crown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
37	for	for	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	criminal	criminal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **head** | present · passive | the Senior Courts of England and Wales | the courts of England and Wales |  |  |  |  | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **consist** | gerund | the Senior Courts of England and Wales *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the Court of Appeal; for civil cases and the Crown Court; for criminal cases | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «United Kingdom», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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