---
title: The lowest level in the federal judiciary is the federal district co… — United States · tree and pragmatics
description: The lowest level in the federal judiciary is the federal district court, which decides all cases considered to be under "original jurisdiction", such as federal statutes, constitutional law, or international treaties. Who acts: lowest level, federal district court. A sentence of Wikipedia's «United 
---

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# United States, sentence 239

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From Wikipedia, [«United States»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The lowest level in the federal judiciary is the federal district court, which decides all cases considered to be under "original jurisdiction", such as federal statutes, constitutional law, or international treaties.

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**Who acts:** lowest level, federal district court · **What happens:** be, decide, consider · **To what, where:** federal district court, cases, original jurisdiction

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United States». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lowest level, federal district court), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:United_States:239
# text = The lowest level in the federal judiciary is the federal district court, which decides all cases considered to be under "original jurisdiction", such as federal statutes, constitutional law, or international treaties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	federal	federal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	federal	federal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	decides	decide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	federal	federal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	treaties	treaty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lowest level in the federal judiciary | the federal district court |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **decide** | present | the federal district court | all cases |  |  |  | international treaties *conj* | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent case=Topic |
| 3 | **consider** | participle |  | all cases *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | original jurisdiction and federal statutes and constitutional law |  | federal statutes and constitutional law *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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